Search results for "transit"

Études scientifiques et marché du travail : éléments de réflexion sur la crise des formations en sciences

2007

Student disaffection towards sciences, most evident in pure science undergraduates, is causing increasing concern for the future of scientific training in France. If access to employment deteriorates more for science graduates than for graduates in other disciplines, science graduates will have a distinct advantage in terms of earnings and employment status, when the economic situation becomes less favourable. Within sciences, graduates of pure sciences have a more difficult transition from education to employment than those from applied sciences. Yet graduates from both disciplines compete for the same job in the private sector with pure science graduates receiving lower wages. The “crisis…

Alexandre Brierre de Boismont and the limits of the psychopathological gaze

2018

One of the most remarkable implications of psychological medicine in the transition from the 18th to the 19th century was the advent of a new way of looking at the human being and new tools for analysing not only behaviour and individual experience, but also historical events, collective behavioural patterns or complex cultural achievements. Unsurprisingly, the deployment of this gaze could not advance without there being a series of disputes and controversies about its reach and the limits to its indiscriminate application. Focusing on the figure of French alienist Alexandre Brierre de Boismont and on the controversial cases of hallucinations and suicide, this article addresses the confli…

Detransitivisation as a support strategy for causativebring

2016

This article presents diachronic corpus analyses of causativebring(bringcaus) which provide new insights into a fairly novel research paradigm in language change: the role of ‘Moderate Transitivity Contexts’ (MTCs) as a refuge for waning verbs and as a breeding ground for waxing verbs (see Mondorf 2010, 2011, 2016; Rohdenburg 2014b; Schneider & Mondorf 2015). It argues that the modulation of transitivity serves as a support strategy for a formerly well-established verb that is leaving the language.The potential of semantic transitivity for the development of explanatory principles in language change has been hinted at by Hopper & Thompson (1980: 279). Empirically investigating the d…

Changes in transition times in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ between 1998 and 2013

2014

International audience; BackgroundRecent findings showed that elite Ironman triathletes competing in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ improved both split and overall race times. The present study investigated whether elite athletes also improved in transition time (i.e. time needed between disciplines for changing clothes and equipment).MethodsChanges in split times, overall race times and transition times (i.e. expressed in absolute and relative terms) in the annual fastest competing in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ were investigated using linear, non-linear and multi-level regression analyses. To detect a potential difference in transition times between different race distances, we compared transition times in ‘Ironm…

Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy in Gases

1992

0022-2860; Recent progress in high-resolution non-linear coherent Raman spectroscopy in the gas phase is reviewed. An instrumental spectral resolution of less than 100 MHz can be routinely achieved. It is limited by the convoluted linewidths of the lasers used for excitation and is of particular advantage in the gas phase, where the rotational structure of vibrational bands is to be resolved. It also allows the measurement of linewidths and line positions with an accuracy of 60 MHz when an appropriate wavemeter is used for calibration. After a short overview of the various techniques being used, examples of recent results of the evaluation of measurements on nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide…

Stability of the human microbiome. Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiota.

2019

Animal microbiota plays an essential role in keeping the physiological status of the host healthy. This microbiota consists of hundreds of different species that inhabit the host, and whose composition varies on a daily basis due to multiple factors as diets, medicine intakes, lifestyle or diseases. It is a highly dynamical system that shows variability even when the host is in a healthy condition, but visible changes happen when the system is perturbed. Thus, the main objective of this thesis aimed to study the temporal variability of human microbiota, and link it to the health status of the host. For this, we proposed a formal definition of stability in microbial systems based on the use …

2016

Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardi…

2016

Summary Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimati…

2017

Importance: Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.Evidence Review: Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among…

Maximal subgroups and PST-groups

2013

A subgroup H of a group G is said r to permute with a subgroup K of G if HK is a subgroup of G. H is said to be permutable (resp. S-permutable) if it permutes with all the subgroups (resp. Sylow subgroups) of G. Finite groups in which permutability (resp. S-permutability) is a transitive relation are called PT-groups (resp. PST-groups). PT-, PST- and T-groups, or groups in which normality is transitive, have been extensively studied and characterised. Kaplan [Kaplan G., On T-groups, supersolvable groups, and maxmial subgroups, Arch. Math. (Basel), 2011, 96(1), 19-25)] presented some new characterisations of soluble T-groups. The main goal of this paper is to establish PT- and PST-versions o…