0000000000014970
AUTHOR
W.h. Veith
showing 8 related works from this author
Gilliéron, Jules (1854–1926)
2006
Jules Gillieron, born in Switzerland, became a professor of dialectology in Paris and thus the founder of the scientific dialectology in France. A dialect grammar and a phonetic atlas of the Roman Valais, both published in 1880, were expanded to the huge Linguistic atlas of France (ALF), published with E Edmont 1902–1910. Permanent explanatory notes and valuable monographs as interpretations of the maps supplemented the atlas. ‘Dialect’ was considered as a linguistic system with signs having an expression plane and a content plane—a structural approach.
Wenker, Georg (1852–1911)
2006
Georg Wenker (1852–1911) was the founder of a) dialect cartography and b) of the ‘indirect method’ in dialectology. From the very beginning (1877), his maps were empirically based on some 40 Standard German sentences, the so-called 40 ‘Wenker sentences,’ composed under prestructural aspects with regard to the historical grammar and, consequently, to the structural approach to dialects in the Kleiner Deutscher Sprachatlas (see Veith et al., 1984–1999). Their translation into local dialects was done by public school children assisted; their teachers assisted them and wrote the translations down (‘indirect method’). This method of exploring was different from the direct method used, e.g., for …
Wrede, Ferdinand (1863–1934)
2006
Ferdinand Wrede was born in Berlin and, after having received his doctor's degree, he was a collaborator on the Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs [Linguistic atlas of the ‘Deutsches Reich’] project in Marburg, and later on, full Professor of Germanic philology. Wrede's fundamental studies first were concerned with Germanic: the languages of the Vandals and the Ostrogoths. In 1908, he founded the series Deutsche Dialektgeographie in which dialect monographs, mostly on the basis of direct investigations (other than Wenker's indirect method), were published. He initiated many scientific projects, e.g., the Hessen-Nassauisches Worterbuch, an area dialect dictionary, he interpreted dialect maps, …
Winteler, Jost (1846–1929)
2006
J Winteler was born in a village in the Swiss canton of Glarus. He studied philology in Jena, Germany. In his famous doctoral thesis, published in 1876, he described his native dialect of Kerenz. By analyzing the activity of the organs producing language (dialect) sounds, he was the founder of the so-called sound physiology (together with his teacher Eduard Sievers). In his prestructural approach, he noticed that there are sounds with and others without the capacity to change meaning. Purely structural terms were used already, such as Lautgegensatze (‘contrasts of sound’), (Sprach-)Bau ‘(linguistic) structure,’ and Konsonantensystem, Sprachsystem ‘system of consonants, of language.’ There w…
Frings, Theodor (1886–1968)
2006
Theodor Frings, late professor of German language and literature at the university of Leipzig, dealt with the dynamics of language in history, with the contact of German with neighbouring languages, such as, Dutch, Romance (“Germania Romana”) and Slavic languages. To Frings, the explanation of language change was the ‘external’ history. His description of the regional basis of Standard German, namely, the compromise language caused by dialect mixture in east Germany, was well accepted.
Schuchardt, Hugo (1842–1927)
2006
H. Schuchardt's doctoral thesis submitted to Bonn University in 1862 became the basis of the famous three volumes on the vocalism of Vulgar Latin (1866–1868), building a bridge between Classical and Romance Philology. He became a full professor of Romance Philology in Halle, Central Germany, and thereafter in Graz, Austria (1876–1900). In his 770 publications, Schuchardt dealt with the classification of Romance dialects, with etymologies and the cultural background of words discussed, and with descriptions of Portuguese-, French-, Spanish-, English- and Dutch-based creole languages so that Schuchardt became the founder of creolistics. Language mixture in Europe, Africa and Asia was describe…
Schmeller, Johann Andreas (1785–1852)
2006
The Bavarian J. A. Schmeller hoped that the Swiss educational reformer Pestalozzi would appoint him as a teacher. When this failed, he joined the Swiss military in Spanish services carrying out Pestalozzi's principles at military schools by teaching languages in Tarragona and Madrid, and, finally, at a private teaching institute in Basle. He was inspired by the Swiss dialect dictionary when he decided to make a Bavarian dialect dictionary and, based on this, a Bavarian dialect grammar. This was the beginning of German scientific dialectology. He was appointed member of the Bavarian Academy of Science and professor at Munich university. As curator of the Royal Court and State Library (1829) …
Dialects: Early European Studies
2006
The article begins with an overview of dialectology starting with dictionaries and grammars in Switzerland (forerunners) and in Bavaria (1821, 1827–1837). The tradition of dialect atlases beganworldwide with the data collection for the German linguistic atlas (1877–1888) by Georg Wenker. Research on Germanic dialects other than German began between 1841 and 1860 in Denmark, Norway, and Great Britain (also with dictionaries and grammars). It goes on to show that after French and Italian dialectology had concentrated on written dialect collections, several dialect grammars, e.g., for Paris and surrounding areas, appeared as from 1872, culminating in the enormous French dialect atlas ALF betwe…