Alkaline hydrolyses of anionic phenyl esters such as 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid and 4-butyryloxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid were examined in the presence of cationic and polymeric liposomes, liposomes of low molecular weight compounds, and micelles. All the additives accelerate the reaction due to the hydrophobic interaction between substrates and additives and the electrostatic interaction both between substrates and additives and between OH− and additives. In the Arrhenius plots of the reactions catalyzed by the liposomes, discontinuous regions were observed due to the phase transition of liposomes from the gel state to the liquid crystal state. Activation parameters ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔV≠ for thes…

A macromonomer was prepared from succinimido methacrylate and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPA) with an amino end group. The macronomer (MA-PIPA) obtained shows a temperature-responsive transition phenomenon from coil to globule in water at about 36°C. For the copolymer of MA-PIPA with acrylamide (ratio of monomer residues of N-isopropylacrylamide (IPA) and acrylamide (AAm) 10:3), the transition temperature of the PIPA chain was the same as that of the macromonomer, whereas the transition temperature of a linear copolymer of IPA and AAm (ratio of the monomer residues 10:3) was much higher than that of PIPA (52°C). Microspheres were prepared by emulsion polymerization of the macromonomer an…