Surgical anatomy applied to the international classification of the abdominal wall planes (ICAP) - a video vignette.

Oral Monosodium Glutamate Administration Causes Early Onset of Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathophysiology in APP/PS1 Mice.

Glutamate excitotoxicity has long been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, and it has been shown to affect the major AD-related hallmarks, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation and tau phosphorylation (p-tau). We investigated whether oral administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) has effects in a murine model of AD, the double transgenic mice APP/PS1. We found that AD pathogenic factors appear earlier in APP/PS1 when supplemented with MSG, while wildtype mice were essentially not affected. Aβ and p-tau levels were increased in the hippocampus in young APP/PS1 animals upon MSG administration. This was correlated with increased Cdk5-p25 levels. Furthermore, in these mice, we…

The oscillatory profile induced by the anxiogenic drug fg-7142 in the amygdala-hippocampal network is reversed by infralimbic deep brain stimulation: Relevance for mood disorders

Anxiety and depression exhibit high comorbidity and share the alteration of the amygdala-hippocampal-prefrontal network, playing different roles in the ventral and dorsal hippocampi. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex in rodents or the human equivalent-the subgenual cingulate cortex-constitutes a fast antidepressant treatment. The aim of this work was: (1) to describe the oscillatory profile in a rodent model of anxiety, and (2) to deepen the therapeutic basis of infralimbic deep brain stimulation in mood disorders. First, the anxiogenic drug FG-7142 was administered to anaesthetized rats to characterize neural oscillations within the amygdala and the dorsoventral axis of the …

An 'easy' method to understand perianal sepsis - a video vignette.

Structural connectivity and subcellular changes after antidepressant doses of ketamine and Ro 25-6981 in the rat: an MRI and immuno-labeling study

© The Author(s) 2021.

Radiological anatomy assessment of the fissura pterygomaxillaris for a surgical approach to ganglion pterygopalatinum

The ganglion pterygopalatinum has become a therapeutic target to treat various pain syndromes in recent years. It is located in the fossa pterygopalatina, and the fissura pterygomaxillaris is the main access to surgically approach this structure. Recently, the neuromodulation of the ganglion pterygopalatinum by microstimulator implantation has become the first therapeutic line in refractory cluster headache treatment. This invasive technique is performed transorally through the fissura pterygomaxillaris, and is limited by the size of the implantation device, which requires an opening of at least 2 mm. Therefore, extensive knowledge about the anatomy of the fissura pterygomaxillaris prior to…

Morphologic variations in the pineal gland of the albino rat after a chronic alcoholisation process.

We studied the effect of alcohol on the pineal gland of 48 male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent a previous progressive alcoholisation period with ethanol diluted in water at a concentration of 40%. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and the ultrastructure, karyometric indices, and number of synaptic bodies in the pineal gland were analysed. The results showed progressive morphologic alterations in the ethanol-treated animals, which culminated in fatty degeneration of the pineal parenchyma after 6 months. The karyometric indices decreased in both the central and peripheral areas compared with the control …

Depressive-like symptoms in a reserpine-induced model of fibromyalgia in rats.

Since the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia is unknown, treatment options are limited, ineffective and in fact based on symptom relief. A recently proposed rat model of fibromyalgia is based on central depletion of monamines caused by reserpine administration. This model showed widespread musculoskeletal pain and depressive-like symptoms, but the methodology used to measure such symptoms has been criticized. Evidence relates the high prevalence of pain and depression in fibromyalgia to common pathogenic pathways, most probably focused on the monoaminergic system. The present study aims at a validation of the reserpine model of fibromyalgia. For this purpose, rats undergoing this model have been …

Deformidad tipo Checkrein del Hállux y dedos menores del pie sin fractura previa asociada.

espanolPresentamos una revision bibliografica y la descripcion de la tecnica quirurgica en la deformidad tipo Checkrein del hallux y dedos menores del pie. Esta deformidad dinamica provoca a los pacientes una dificultad significativa para caminar y les impide practicar cualquier deporte ya que en la fase de apoyo de la marcha los dedos del pie se ven forzados a una flexion plantar maxima y terminan atrapados debajo del pie. En los casos en que no se asocia a fractura osea la sospecha clinica causante de la lesion es un sindrome compartimental subclinico. El tratamiento descrito en este trabajo consiste en una plastia en Z y la aplicacion de una sutura pulvertaft en el flexor largo del hallu…

Prevalence and morphometric analysis of the retromolar canal in a Spanish population sample: a helical CT scan study.

BACKGROUND: The retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomical variation of the mandibular canal (MC) whose identification and study should be considered given its implication in the surgical procedures of the retromolar area. The prevalence of the RMC widely varies according to previous studies and may be influenced by the followed study method. This work aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the RMC in a Spanish population sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this purpose, 225 CT scan images (with a higher resolution than the cone beam CT used in other previous studies) from the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia were analyzed. The Osirix MD radiological image analysis system was applied to a…