Editorial Comment: LI-RADS Provides High Accuracy for Liver Transplant Eligibility in High-Risk Patients.

Immunotherapy-Based Treatments of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review

The advent of immunotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed the treatment landscape and conferred a survival benefit on patients with advanced HCC, who typically have a very poor prognosis. The most pronounced improvements in response, as documented by standardized response criteria based on CT or MRI, have been achieved when immunotherapy is combined with other systemic or locoregional therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments result in unique patterns on CT and MRI that challenge the application of conventional response criteria such as RECIST, modified RECIST, and European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria. Thus, newer criteria have been…

[Radiomics and artificial intelligence: new frontiers in medicine.]

Radiomics is a new frontier of medicine based on the extraction of quantitative data from radiological images which can not be seen by radiologist's naked eye and on the use of these data for the creation of clinical decision support systems. The long-term goal of radiomics is to improve the non-invasive diagnosis of focal and diffuse diseases of different organs by understanding links between extracted quantitative imaging data and the underlying molecular and pathological characteristics of lesions. In the last decade, several studies have highlighted the enormous potential of radiomics in both tumoral and non-tumoral diseases of many organs and systems including brain, lung, breast, gast…

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF IXIP INDEX AND PROSTATE MRI IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER: PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON A COMBINED APPROACH

The purpose of this study was to assess whether Immune CompleX Predictive Index (iXip) improves diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) for clinically significant prostate cancer. This study included 72 patients (mean age: 68±8 years) with suspicion of prostate cancer and available iXip score. mpMRI images were evaluated by two radiologists according to the PI-RADS v2.1. Reference standard was based on fusion biopsy and standard transperineal 12-point biopsy. Diagnostic accuracy of iXip, mpMRI and their combination were calculated. Optimal cutoff of iXip with sensitivity and specificity was identified using the Youden index. Patients with clinically significant prostate …

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries aneurysms: Evaluation of frequency and association with celiac artery stenosis due to compression by median arcuate ligament

The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of pancreaticoduodenal arteries (PDA) aneurysms in a large population, and to define possible correlations with celiac artery stenosis due to compression by the median arcuate ligament. Radiological reports of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans of 18,180 patients were scrutinized to identify patients with true PDA aneurysms. Two abdominal radiologists classified the aneurysms according to size, location and morphology and scored the presence of celiac artery stenosis due to either median arcuate ligament compression or atherosclerotic disease. Eleven true PDA aneurysms were identified in 10 patients. Nine out of 10 patients had stenosis o…