Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in chronic heart failure

2009

In this review, we present recent insights on chronic heart failure (CHF) and the potential role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukins, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitrosative stress in the progression of this disease process. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. Under physiologic conditions, their unfavourable effect in causing oxidative damage is counteracted by antioxidants. An imbalance in favour of oxidants leads to oxidative stress, and contributes to myocyte apoptosis, direct negative inotropic effects, and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Together, these effects lead to impaired vasodilatation of the coronary, pu…

Increased nitrotyrosine plasma levels in relation to systemic markers of inflammation and myeloperoxidase in chronic heart failure

2009

The presence of a reciprocal link between inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress has been postulated in chronic heart failure (CHF). We aimed to determine signs of nitrosative stress in serum/plasma of CHF patients. ELISA tests were used for quantification of serum/plasma levels of Nitrotyrosine (NT), H(2)O(2), total NO, nitrite (NO(2)(-)), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (proBNP) in 66 CHF patients (9 in NYHA I, 34 NYHA II, 23 NYHA III) and in 14 age-matched healthy subjects. NT levels were higher in NYHA III CHF patients compared to NYHA II (p<0.05), NYHA I (p<0.03) and controls (p<0.02), whereas NO(2)(-) and total NO …

Oxidative stress induces myeloperoxidase expression in endocardial endothelial cells from patients with chronic heart failure.

2009

Increased oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that myeloperoxidase (MPO) may play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic heart failure (CHF) by contributing to the depletion of the intracellular reservoir of nitric oxide (NO). NO consumption through MPO activity may lead to protein chlorination or nitration, leading to tissue damage. Primary cultures of human endocardial endothelial cells (EEC) obtained at heart transplantation of patients with CHF and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to oxidative stress by incubation with hydrogen peroxide at non lethal (60 mic…

The Anticonvulsant FCE 26743 is a Selective and Short-acting MAO-B Inhibitor Devoid of Inducing Properties towards Cytochrome P450-dependent Testoste…

1994

Abstract The effects of the potent anticonvulsant FCE 26743 ((S)-2-(4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)benzylamino)propionamide) on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were measured in-vitro and ex-vivo using rat tissue homogenates. In-vitro, FCE 26743 showed potent and selective inhibitory properties towards liver MAO-B, with IC50 values about 10−7  m for MAO-B and higher than 10−5  m for MAO-A. When determined ex-vivo in brain, the ED50 value for the inhibition of MAO-B was 1·1 mg kg−1 (p.o.) 1 h post-dosing, whereas MAO-A remained virtually unaffected after administration of 60 mg kg−1. Similar effects were seen in liver. Following oral administration of 5 mg kg−1 FCE 26743 to rats, brain MAO-B inhibitio…

Hepatitis C: The beginning of the end-key elements for successful European and national strategies to eliminate HCV in Europe

2018

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem in the European Union (EU). An estimated 5.6 million Europeans are chronically infected with a wide range of variation in prevalence across European Union countries. Although HCV continues to spread as a largely silent pandemic, its elimination is made possible through the availability of the new antiviral drugs and the implementation of prevention practices. On 17 February 2016, the Hepatitis B & C Public Policy Association held the first EU HCV Policy Summit in Brussels. This summit was an historic event as it was the first high-level conference focusing on the elimination of HCV at the European Union level. The …

Visual and Hearing Impairment Are Associated With Delirium in Hospitalized Patients: Results of a Multisite Prevalence Study

2021

Objective: Sensory deficits are important risk factors for delirium but have been investigated in single-center studies and single clinical settings. This multicenter study aims to evaluate the association between hearing and visual impairment or bi-sensory impairment (visual and hearing impairment) and delirium. Design: Cross-sectional study nested in the 2017 "Delirium Day" project. Setting and participants: Patients 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes, and hospices in Italy. Methods: Delirium was assessed with the 4AT (a short tool for delirium assessment) and sensory deficits with a clinical evaluation. …

Role of endothelial cell stress in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure.

2009

Endothelial cells are key modulators of diverse physiological processes, and their impaired function is a cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Under physiologic condition, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen mediators in endothelia lead to the signal propagation of the initial stimulus, by forming molecules with a longer half-life like hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is the focus of growing attention in endothelial biology, and consequently the enzymes involved in its generation and clearance are viewed as novel mediators of great importance. In particular, among peroxidases, myeloperoxidase is recognized as a key enzyme, capable of impairing intracellular NO reservoirs as well as p…

Validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ-I) for the assessment of health-related quality of l…

2005

Background.: The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire is a specific health-related quality of life assessment designed for patients with liver diseases. Aim.: The aim of this paper is to report on the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the Italian version (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I) in subjects with HCV infection. Subjects.: The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I was administered to 350 subjects with HCV infection together with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, abbreviated version, a generic quality of life assessment. Methods.: The instrument was translated from English, backtranslated and reviewed in focus groups in the framework of a …

Reply to: Sorafenib in clinical practice: Evidence-based use or abuse?

2012

Corrigendum to ‘An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs’ [J Hepatol 2021;75(3)…

2022

It has come to our attention that the name of one of the authors in our manuscript was incorrectly spelled ‘Jinyoung Byan’; the correct spelling is ‘Jinyoung Byun’ as in the author list above. In addition, the excel files of the supplementary tables were not included during the online publication of our article. These have now been made available online. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired, Health Care-Associated, and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

2009

Background Traditionally, pneumonia has been classified as either community- or hospital-acquired. Although only limited data are available, health care-associated pneumonia has been recently proposed as a new category of respiratory infection. "Health care-associated pneumonia" refers to pneumonia in patients who have recently been hospitalized, had hemodialysis, or received intravenous chemotherapy or reside in a nursing home or long-term care facility. Objective To ascertain the epidemiology and outcome of community-acquired, health care-associated, and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults hospitalized in internal medicine wards. Design Multicenter, prospective observational study. Sett…

Optimising management of patients with hepatitis C virus in the age of direct-acting antivirals: results of a Delphi consensus.

2018

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed two questionnaires to determine Italian healthcare professionals’ opinions on the overall management of HCV chronic liver disease and the use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the treatment of HCV. A Delphi consensus method using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used to determine opinions of an expert panel (EP) of specialists. RESULTS: Overall 443 physicians from 167 Italian centres completed the two questionnaires. The EP confirmed the importance of collaboration with general practitioners (GPs) and HCV testing in high-risk groups, but did not agree on tr…

Pristionchus sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) from Italian populations of Anoplophora chinensis Forster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

2009

Priostonchus sp. n. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) is described from a population of Citrus Longhorn Beetles. Alive adults of this Cerambycid were collected from Acer saccharinum trees at Assago and Parabiago (Villastanza), two localities near Milan (Italy). The natural occurrence of the entomogenous nematode in the beetle was not frequent and widespread in the study area. Preliminary laboratory infectivity tests highlight the potential parasitic nature of the nematode. However, it was not successfully maintained in storage and culture. The diplogasterid Pristionchus sp. has rather complicate systematic thus a biomolecular analysis based on DNA is necessary for more specific identification an…

Assessment of the awareness and management of sleep apnea syndrome in acromegaly. The COM.E.TA (Comorbidities Evaluation and Treatment in Acromegaly)…

2011

In 2007 the Italian COM.E.T.A. (COMorbidities Evaluation and Treatment in Acromegaly) study group started to assess the application in a clinical setting of the Versailles criteria for management of acromegaly complications by a first questionnaire focusing on cardiovascular co-morbidities. A further questionnaire on sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) was delivered by the COM.E.T.A. study group to 107 endocrine centers in Italy. The results of our survey suggest that SAS is a well-known comorbidity even if its estimated prevalence is lower than in the literature. Polysomnography is the preferred tool for diagnosis. Control of SAS is considered relevant both for quality of life and co-morbidities. C…

FibroTest is an independent predictor of virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients retreated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin…

2010

EPIC-3 is a prospective, international study that has demonstrated the efficacy of PEG-IFN alfa-2b plus weight-based ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C and significant fibrosis who previously failed any interferon-alfa/ribavirin therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess FibroTest (FT), a validated non-invasive marker of fibrosis in treatment-naive patients, as a possible alternative to biopsy as the baseline predictor of subsequent early virologic (EVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR) in previously treated patients.Of 2312 patients enrolled, 1459 had an available baseline FT, biopsy, and complete data. Uni- (UV) and multi-variable (MV) analyses were performed us…

Multiclass HCV resistance to direct-acting antiviral failure in real-life patients advocates for tailored second-line therapies

2017

Background & Aims: Despite the excellent efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) reported in clinical trials, virological failures can occur, often associated with the development of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). This study aimed to characterize the presence of clinically relevant RASs to all classes in real-life DAA failures. Methods: Of the 200 virological failures that were analyzed in 197 DAA-treated patients, 89 with pegylated-interferon+ribavirin (PegIFN+RBV) and 111 without (HCV-1a/1b/1g/2/3/4=58/83/1/6/24/25; 56.8% treatment experienced; 65.5% cirrhotic) were observed. Sanger sequencing of NS3/NS5A/NS5B was performed by home-made protocols, at failure (N= 200) and w…