0000000000112794
AUTHOR
Boris Fumanal
Mise en garde des scientifiques du monde à l'humanité : deuxième avertissement [french translation of Ripple et al., 2017. World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice. BioScience, 67 (12):1026-1028]
Traduction Française de l'article: Ripple et al., 2017. World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice. BioScience, 67 (12):1026-1028Cette traduction est publiée sur le site: http://scientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu/; En 1992, l'Union of Concerned Scientists a appelé à une meilleure gestion de l'environnement. Vingt-cinq ans plus tard, face à l’urgence de l’état environnemental de la planète, plus de 15 000 scientifiques internationaux engagés dans l’Alliance of Word Scientists émettent un deuxième avertissement à l'humanité. Cette mise en garde scientifique a été publiée sous la forme d’un article exceptionnel dans la revue BioScience (Ripple et al., 2017. World Scientists…
Eight microsatellite markers isolated from common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and cross-amplification with herbarium specimens
; Eight microsatellite markers were developed for population genetic analyses of the common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Markers were tested for amplification with three populations (two recent populations from France and North America, and one historical population from herbarium specimens). These loci revealed a high level of genetic variability (5-19 alleles per locus; expected heterozygosity, 0.48-0.92). No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage disequilibrium were observed. The data thus demonstrate their utility as efficient genetic markers for determining the genetic diversity, population differentiation, and gene flow among invasive, native, and h…
Variability and cryptic heteromorphism of Ambrosia artemisiifolia seeds: What consequences for its invasion in France
International audience; Background and Aims:Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a ruderal weed introduced from North America to Europe. It produces large amount of achenes which are highly heterogeneous in size. Due to the preponderant role of propagules in invasive plant processes, the achene mass variability related to germination, dispersal strategy and life history traits of offspring were investigated within this species. Methods:The variability in achene mass was quantified among six populations sampled in different habitats. The effects of achene mass variation on germination were studied. The percentages of floating and non-floating achenes were evaluated in the studied populations. The cons…
Seed bank dynamics of an invasive plant, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
AbstractThe seed-bank dynamics ofAmbrosia artemisiifolia(Asteraceae), an annual invasive plant introduced from North America to Europe, were studied in nine French populations developing in field crops, set-asides or wastelands. The vertical distribution of seeds was studied in two different depth sections (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm), and the spatial horizontal pattern of distribution was analysed for two selected field-crop and set-aside populations. The proportions of dormant, non-dormant and dead seeds, as well as the changes in seed-bank dormancy over time, were evaluated. Natural seedling recruitment and its variation under different disturbance treatments in competitive set-asides were also …
Gene flow and population admixture as the primary post-invasion processes in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) populations in France
*An improved inference of the evolutionary history of invasive species may be achieved by analyzing the genetic variation and population differentiation of recently established populations and their ancestral (historical) populations. Employing this approach, we investigated the role of gene flow in the post-invasion evolution of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). *Using eight microsatellite loci, we compared genetic diversity and structure among nine pairs of historical and recent populations in France. Historical populations were reconstructed from herbarium specimens dated from the late 19th to early 20th century, whereas recent populations were collected within the last 5 yr. *Re…
Problématique de la dispersion des semences d'ambroisie en France
National audience
Estimation of the pollen and seed production of common ragweed in Europe
International audience; Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive weed of fieldcrops and human-disturbed habitats in Europe. As well as in its natural range (NorthAmerica), common ragweed is a threat to human health due to its abundant allergenicpollen release. Most studies have been focused on airborne pollen monitoring, but todate, no data have been available on precise individual plant pollen and seed productionrelated to plant traits growing in natural environment and on their corresponding sourceof variation. The aim of this study was to evaluate pollen and seed production of commonragweed plants in several populations in France. Seasonal pollen production per plantran…
Evolutionary biology as a tool towards a more customized biological control strategy of weeds: Lepidium draba as a case study
Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia, is one of the most invasive noxious weeds in North American rangelands and croplands. As part of the management plan for its control, one of its natural enemies, the collar gall weevil Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been targeted and its genetic structure in the mitochondrial COI gene explored. Results clearly gave evidence of different genetic entities within this recognized species, one being restricted to the host L. draba and distributed in Southern France, Northern Spain and Italy. Furthermore, these results were supported by host plant spectrum studies in laboratory that showed specific and generalist populatio…
Can the large ecological amplitude of Ambrosia artemisiifolia explain its invasive success in France?
International audience; In order to understand the successful spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in France, the variability of colonised habitat by this species was studied at 48 locations, from its central to peripheral area of distribution. Each site was characterised by a vegetation survey, a description of the A. artemisiifolia population and a soil analysis. Differences in the number of species, Shannon diversity index, evenness index and plant life form spectra were compared among the sites. A total of 276 species occurring along with A. artemisiifolia was observed. Therophytes and hemicryptophytes represented more than 80% of all the species. The two most frequent species occurring al…
Développement de l’Ambroisie dans le Sud de la Bourgogne
International audience; L'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise, (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) fait partie des espèces dites « invasives» sur le territoire français. Cette espèce a déjà été signalée dans le Sud de la Bourgogne, mais il n'existait pas de données récentes sur sa présence dans le Nord de la région. Le travail réalisé montre que l'espèce est en forte extension dans les départements de Saône-et-Loire et de Côte-d'Or principalement dans les parcelles cultivées. En Saône-et-Loire, l'espèce est maintenant très largement présente aussi bien en tant qu'adventice des cultures que de plante des bords de route. En Côte-d'Or, deux types de populations coexistent: des populations « agricoles» mar…
Do the high phenotypic plasticity of A. artemisiifolia L. explain its invasive success in France?
International audience; Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) is an invasive annual plant introduced from North America to Europe over 100 years ago. This plant species is now widespread in numerous countries all over the world, causing damages to agricultural crops and human health. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is spreading as a weed in many field crops but is also able to invade a wide range of areas such as various human disturbed habitats or riverbanks (Figure 1). A considerable variability of the life history traits of A. artemisiifolia was previously observed among and within different populations (Fumanal et al., 2007). Since the success of colonization of some invasive plant species may r…
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia
This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common ragweed) that are relevant to understanding its ecology. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history, conservation, impacts and management. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a monoecious, wind-pollinated, annual herb native to North America whose height varies from 10 cm to 2.5 m, according to environmental conditions. It has erect, branched stems …
Extension d'Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. dans le département de la Côte d'Or
International audience
Chronique d'une progression annoncée ?
National audience; absent
Ambroisie, pourquoi un tel succès ?
National audience
Possibilité de dissémination d'Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. via les semences de tournesol
National audience