Das Mädchen als künftige Hausfrau und Mutter— Biologieunterricht für Mädchen im Dritten Reich

Die nationalsozialistische Frauenpolitik sah im Madchen entsprechend Hitlers Forderungen nur die kunftige Hausfrau und Mutter. Gerade der Biologieunterricht, der durch die nationalsozialistische Schulreform zum Weltanschauungsunterricht aufgewertet worden war, sollte das Madchen in diesem Sinne auf seine Lebensaufgabe im Dienste der Volksgemeinschaft vorbereiten, namlich mit einem im Sinne der nationalsozialistischen Rassenlehre ausgewahlten arischen Partner moglichst viele reinrassige nordische Kinder groszuziehen.

Ewald Hering und die Gegenfarbtheorie

Ewald Hering's color-opponent-theory is still considered one of the foundations of the visual sciences. Prior to Hering, Hermann v. Helmholtz introduced a theory of color appearance, which was based primarily on the physical aspects of the stimulus. In contrast to Helmholtz, Hering's theory strongly emphasized the subject's perception of color. As a consequence, Hering considered Helmholtz' theory inadequate. Contrary to some historical accounts, he did not object to Helmholtz's three-receptor explanation for color-mixture. Instead of Helmholtz' fundamental colors red, green, and blue, Hering suggested that the colors possess opponent character: blue-yellow; red-green; and, black-white. Hel…

Die Embryologie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Empirie.

Already in classical antiquity people dealt with the principle of formation, developing different theories. Researchers in the renaissance, working in the conflict zone between tradition and experience, tried to prove one or the other of these theories by the means of new observations, especially of chicken development. Aldrovandi was the first to see the real principle of formation of the hen's egg, i. e. the blastodisc, but he didn't recognize the importance of his discovery due to his close adherence to Aristotle in the theoretical field. Fabricius even thought that traditional knowledge was of more importance than his own excellent observations. Parisano was the first to succeed in maki…

Ulisse Aldrovandi: Vollendung des Aristoteles in plinianischer Manier

The primary goal of Ulisse Aldrovandi was to surpass his immediate predecessor Conrad Gesner, despite the fact that he never mentioned it expressis verbis. In a Plinian manner he attempted to complete Aristotle's comprehensive description of the animals. Since he always made a great effort to evaluate all existing works, and to determine their degree of truth by conducting his own studies of nature, his descriptions turn out to be more comprehensive and critical than those of his predecessors. Furthermore he based his studies on a system and also incorporated anatomy again. With his studies of nature and anatomical dissections he has expanded the knowledge of scientific facts within the dom…

Literatur zu Hildegard von Bingen im Jahr ihres 900. Geburtstages