0000000000142098
AUTHOR
Daniel Moreau
Dietary n-3 PUFAs affect the blood pressure rise and the cardiac function modulation in a hyperinsulinemia rat model in vivo
National audience; This study was designed to assess in vivo the cardiovascular consequences of a dietary docosahexaenoic (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid specific intake in a hyperinsulinemia (HI) model presented by fructose-induced insulin-resistant rats. Wistar rat (n=6 in each dietary group of control or HI rats) were fed for two months a diet containing 62% fructose, and supplemented (or not for control, NFD) with either DHA or EPA (240 mg per day). Modifications of the cardiovascular parameters (rise in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), modulation, ECG) were continously monitored using an intra-abdominal implanted telemetry system in HI rats. The myocardial phospolipid fatty a…
Evaluation des effets d’un apport alimentaire en acides α-linolénique ou docosahexaénoïque sur les profils en acides gras des membranes et leurs conséquences cardiaques chez le rat in vivo
National audience
Docosahexaenoic acid, but not eicosapentaenoic acid, lowers ambulatory blood pressure and shortens interval QT in spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo
International audience; This study was designed to evaluate the effects of individual dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on hypertension and cardiac consecutive disorders in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Rats were fed for 2 months an eicosapentaenoic (EPA)- or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet (240 mg/day) or an n-3 PUFA-free diet. Male SHR (n=6), implanted with cardiovascular telemetry devices, were housed in individual cages for continuous measurements of cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)) during either activity or rest periods, ECG were recorded during the quiet period. The n-6 PU…
Involvement of Autonomic Nervous System in New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation during Acute Myocardial Infarction
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality. However, the pathophysiology of AF in AMI is poorly understood. Heart rate variability (HRV), measured by Holter-ECG, reflects cardiovascular response to the autonomic nervous system and altered (reduced or enhanced) HRV may have a major role in the onset of AF in AMI patients. Objective: We investigated the relationship between autonomic dysregulation and new-onset AF during AMI. Methods: As part of the RICO survey, all consecutive patients hospitalized for AMI at Dijon (France) university hospital between June 2001 and November 2014 were analyzed …
High N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels Are Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability in Acute Myocardial Infarction
AIM: We investigated the relationships between the autonomic nervous system, as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) and levels of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide (Nt-proBNP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS: The mean of standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), the percentage of RR intervals with >50 ms variation (pNN50), square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (rMSSD), and frequency domain parameters (total power (TP), high frequency and low frequency power ratio (LF/HF)) were assessed by 24 h Holter ECG monitoring. 1018 consecutive patients admitted <24 h for an acute MI were included. Plasma Nt-proBNP (Elecs…
Mitochondrial basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine and modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids
The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine. Rats were fed with a diet containing either n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, SSO group) or an equimolecular mixture of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (FO group) for 8 weeks. The hearts were perfused according to the working mode using a medium with or without lidocaine 5 μM. They were then subjected to local ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Dietary n-3 PUFAs triggered the expected decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids. Reperfusing the ischemic area favored the incidence of severe arrhythmias. Lidocaine treatment abolished almost completely reper…
Impact of asymmetric dimethylarginine on mortality after acute myocardial infarction.
Objective— Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthases. From a prospective cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we aimed to analyze the predictive value of circulating ADMA concentrations on prognosis. Methods and Results— Blood samples from 249 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute MI <24 hours were taken on admission. Serum levels of ADMA and its stereoisomer, symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The independent predictors of ADMA were glomerular filtration rate, female sex, and SDMA ( R 2 =0. 25). Baseline ADMA levels were higher in p…
Effects of electromyostimulation and strength training on muscle soreness, muscle damage and sympathetic activation.
Electromyostimulation (EMS) is known to develop muscular strength and hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to compare EMS exercise-induced damage with concentric (CONC) exercise-induced damage. Twelve male athletes were randomly assigned to concentric exercise (five sets of 6 voluntary contractions) or to EMS (30 contractions of 6 s duration, 20 s rest between contractions) on day 0 (D0). The load was 80% of the maximal isometric force. Criterion measures of plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and subjective ratings of muscle soreness and urinary catecholamines, were assessed 1 day before and for 3 days after exercise. Among the members of the EM…
Effet à long terme d’un apport alimentaire en acides α-linolénique ou docosahexaénoïque sur l’incorporation membranaire du DHA et ses conséquences cardiaques chez le rat in vivo
National audience
Acute Administration of Epirubicin Induces Myocardial Depression in Isolated Rat Heart and Production of Radical Species Evaluated by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
The aim of our study was to evaluate the acute effect of epirubicin (EPI), an anthracycline anticancer drug, on the evolution of cardiac functional parameters and production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 70 minutes of EPI (10.3 microM) infusion and to 5 minutes of isoproterenol (ISO, 0.1 microM) at the end of the protocol. Coronary flow (CF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in the coronary effluents were evaluated throughout the protocol. RONS were detected in the coronary effluents by electron spin resonance spectroscopy with a spin probe, 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine (CP-H, …
Smokeless tobacco, sport and the heart
SummarySmokeless tobacco (snuff) is a finely ground or shredded tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or placed between the cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is used by putting a wad of tobacco inside the cheek. Smokeless tobacco is widely used by young athletes to enhance performance because nicotine improves some aspects of physiology. However, smokeless tobacco has harmful health effects, including cardiovascular disorders, linked to nicotine physiological effects, mainly through catecholamine release. Nicotine decreases heart rate variability and the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and promotes the occurrence of various arrhythmias; it also impairs endothelial-dependent vasodilation…
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction
We sought to investigate the association between increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and total plasma homocysteinemia (tHcy) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).In 138 patients hospitalized for AMI24 h on admission, serum levels of ADMA, its symmetric stereoisomer (SDMA) and tHcy were measured.ADMA was positively associated with SDMA (p0.001) and tHcy (p=0.03) but not with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR, p=0.96), while tHcy strongly correlated with eGFR (p=0.002) and SDMA (p0.001). By multiple linear regression, SDMA but not ADMA was independently associated with tHcy (p=0.005).Our findings sugges…
Modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids of the anti-arrhythmic effects of lidocaine
Comunication orale : Demaison L.Comunication orale : Demaison L.; Background: Enrichment of cardiac phospholipids with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is known to be cardioprotective during ischemia/reperfusion. This study aimed at studying the effect of dietary EPA-rich fish oil on the occurrence of severe reperfusion arrhythmias, at determining if the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine modulates that effect and at trying to evaluate the mechanism of these treatments. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed two diets differing in their PUFA composition for 8 weeks. The first one contained 10% of sunflower seed oil (SSO) and the second one 5% of fish oil (FO) plus 5% of SSO. The hearts were then perfused a…
Long term effect of dietary alpha-linolenic (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the incorporation of of DHA and its influence in vivo on the rat heart
National audience; The present study was designed to evaluate if a high (20% of the fatty acids) and long term supply of dietary ALA as supplied in the diet by whole grain extruded linseed (Valorex) can increase the endogenous pro- duction of the long-chain n-3 PUFAs in healthy adult rats, and influence heart rate and adrenergic response like a DHA-rich diet. The enrichment in DHA was evaluated using fatty acid analysis by GC in various membranes (heart, brain, .. .) after 2, 4, 6 and 8 months of feeding (n = 7) from male Wistar rats randomly assigned to three groups (n = 36) and fed a normal fat diet (NFD), a ALA-rich diet (ALA) or a DHA-rich diet (DHA). In parallel three groups (n = 8) we…
Influence du DHA alimentaire sur la fonction cardiovasculaire chez le rat SHR in vivo
National audience
Assessment of cardiac autonomic nervous activity in frail elderly people with postural abnormalities and in control subjects
Heart rate variability (HRV), which is considered to reflect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), has been shown to decline with age. The aim of the present study was to explore cardiac ANS in older patients showing frontal-subcortical dysfunction with "Psychomotor Disadaptation Syndrome" (PDS), through the 24-h HRV. We enrolled 14 patients with PDS (mean age: 84.5+/-6.9 years), they were compared to 13 frail control subjects (mean age: 80.6+/-6.7 years). Cardiac ANS activity was assessed by 24-h ECG recordings from three leads with a Holter digital monitor. The decrease in cardiac ANS activity observed in PDS subjects was greater than the alteration found in normally aging s…
Time course of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and oxidative stress in fructose-hypertensive rats: A model related to metabolic syndrome
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous modulator of endothelial function and oxidative stress, and increased levels of this molecule have been reported in some metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this work was to analyze the time course of dimethylarginine compounds and oxidative stress levels and the relationship between these and cardiovascular function in fructose-hypertensive rats.90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 2 groups, fed for 3 months with standard (C) chow supplemented or not with fructose (F, 60%). After sacrifice at different weeks (W), the aorta and plasma were harvested to assess the vascular and biochemical parameters. Our …