Morphological evolution and ecological diversification of the forest-dwelling poppies (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) as deduced from a molecular phylogeny of the ITS region
Sequences of the ITS region of nrDNA were analyzed for the seven genera of Papaveraceae subf. Chelidonioideae s.str. Three major clades can be recognized. These are 1.Chelidonium/Hylomecon/Stylophorum, 2.Eomecon/Sanguinaria, and 3.Bocconia/Macleaya. The monophyly of genera in the first of these three clades is doubtful, and clades two and three are sister to each other. Use of the ITS phylogeny of the subfamily to trace its morphological and ecological evolution shows that morphological change is concentrated in theBocconia/Macleaya clade, and probably related to the evolution of wind-pollination from insect-pollination in these two genera after habitat shift.
The phylogeny of the Papaveraceae sensu lato: morphological, geographical and ecological implications
On the background of the phylogeny of the Papaveraceae s.l., the evolution of the androecium and gynoecium, the geographical distribution, and the ecological differentiation of the family is discussed. An effort is made to homologize the diverse androecia of Pteridophyllum, Hypecoum, Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae s.str., and it is concluded that both the polyandrous androecium as found in the Papaveraceae s.str. and the polycarpellate gynoecium as found in Papaveraceae s. str. subfam. Papaveroideae incl. Platystemonoideae are secondary and derived from whorled oligomerous androecia and bicarpellate gynoecia, respectively. The comparative consideration of the geographical distribution, ecolog…
Three intercontinental disjunctions in Papaveraceae subfamily Chelidonioideae: evidence from chloroplast DNA
An RFLP analysis of the chloroplast genome of Papaveraceae subfam. Chelidonioideae resulted in one most parsimonious tree consisting of three monophyletic groups. Each group contains intercontinental disjunct taxa. Whereas Eomecon/Sanguinaria and Stylophorum are examples for the well known E Asian — eastern N American disjunction, the E Asian -C and S American disjunction in Macleaya/Bocconia is rare. The genus Stylophorum in this analysis is paraphyletic. The N American Stylophorum diphyllum is sister group to the Old World members of Stylophorum and Chelidonium. All American representatives of the subfamily possess distinctive morphological features. This might be the result of Tertiary a…