Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.

Background and ObjectivesCOVID-19–related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower the efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with AIS and COVID-19.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021 tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. With a doubly robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regress…

Culture, Biodiversity and Endogenous Development: introducing the BioCultural Community Protocols

“Splendid Isolation”: embracing islandness in a global pandemic

Islandness is often considered to be a disadvantage. However, it has helped the residents of islands to delay, deter, and, in some cases, totally insulate themselves from COVID-19. While islanders have been quick to lock themselves down, this has had a tremendous impact on their connectivity and on tourism, which in many cases is their major economic sector. Yet, the association of islands with being safe, “COVID-19 free” zones has helped these spaces to be among the first destinations to restart the tourism economy once travel restrictions were lifted. After several weeks of lockdown, and with the COVID-19 threat still looming, social distancing remained the norm. Travellers we…

ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA ARQUITECTURA DE LOS DERECHOS. ¿SON LOS LÍMITES INTERNOS DIFERENTES DE LOS EXTERNOS?

Por lo general, cada derecho tiene como objetivo la protección de un interés (o un conjunto de intereses agrupados) de un solo sujeto. Sin embargo, es posible imaginar un derecho que se reconoce para proteger, al mismo tiempo, dos o más intereses distintos de dos o más sujetos distintos. Este capítulo se enfoca en los límites internos de los derechos que pueden derivar del conflicto que pueda suscitarse entre los dos o más intereses protegidos para de un derecho. Analizando tres derechos –los derechos parentales, el derecho a un medioambiente saludable y la libertad de expresión– el capítulo se pregunta si tales límites internos son una fachada cuyo comportamiento es equivalente al de los l…

L'applicazione della CITES in Europa

Un passo avanti e un passo indietro nell’Antropocene: Rights for Ecosystem Services, comunità locali e REDD

L’autrice del libro When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment risponde ad alcune delle questioni sollevate da Francesco Viola e Gianfrancesco Zanetti nelle loro recensioni, pubblicate in questo numero della rivista. L’autrice si sofferma inoltre su alcuni temi discussi nel libro che richiedono ulteriori approfondimenti e su possibili sviluppi del concetto di diritti bioculturali. The author of the book When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment replies to the comments raised by Francesco Viola and Gianfrancesco Zanetti in the present journal issue. She also dwells on some topics of her book …

Inside-out Internal and External Limits to Rights: Does it matter?

Literature is rich on whether and how rights are limited by external considerations, such as other rights or particularly important general interests. This article concentrates on what could be a different type of limit of rights: internal limits stemming from the very foundations of a right. Its aim is to understand whether these hypothetically different internal limits actually collapse on the idea of internal limits of coherence theories; or whether they are equivalent, in terms of effects, to external limits to rights.  In order to show the origin of the troubling with internal limits, the article begins with a brief introduction of biocultural rights of indigenous peoples and local com…

When Rights Embrace Responsibilities

The conservation of environment and the protection of human rights are two of the most compelling needs of our time. Unfortunately, they are not always easy to combine and too often result in mutual harm. This book analyses the idea of biocultural rights as a proposal for harmonizing the needs of environmental and human rights. These rights, considered as a basket of group rights, are those deemed necessary to protect the stewardship role that certain indigenous peoples and local communities have played towards the environment. With a view to understanding the value and merits, as well as the threats that biocultural rights entail, the book critically assesses their foundations, content, an…

Introduction to "Owning lands, seas, and the internet of things. From the tragedies of the commons to the tragedies of the anti-commons"

Introduction to the special section on "Owning lands, seas, and the internet of things. From the tragedies of the commons to the tragedies of the anti-commons"

ANTHROPOCENE: NEW ENCOUNTERS, OLD PATTERNS. A FEW COMMENTS ON PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

This paper focuses on one of the answers that have been given to the question: what type of change is to be pursued to limit human impact on the Earth while considering the needs of poor and disadvantaged communities? In particular it looks at a proposal that combines sustainable development approaches with market mechanisms and top- down technocratic responses: Payments for Ecosystem Services frameworks. They have been criticized by many points of view and this paper questions, in particular, their very reliance on the market, questioning their appropriateness for the regulation of conser- vation activities and their interaction with local communities.

International Environmental Conventions: the conservation of biodiversity and Moringa stenopetala

Il caso Hoodia: successo o fallimento? La protezione giuridica delle conoscenze tradizionali

Il presente articolo analizza gli elementi giuridici e politico-strategici del famoso caso di biopirateria della Hoodia gordonii. Il caso è normalmente citato come esempio di successo della collaborazione tra case farmaceutiche e comunità indigene in merito all’utilizzo delle conoscenze tradizionali. Sulla base di ricerche bibliografiche e sul campo, il testo ne descrive lo svolgimento e ne svela alcuni dei non pochi e spesso tralasciati lati oscuri, domandandosi non solo se sia necessario metterne in dubbio il tanto professato successo, ma anche se l’attuale regime giuridico per la protezione delle conoscenze tradizionali sia adeguato ed efficace.

The new Access and Benefit Sharing Protocol under the CBD. Implications for non commercial research

Rights with limits: biocultural rights - between self-determination and conservation of the environment

Kabir Bavikatte has recently argued that a new 'basket' of group rights is emerging from the interpretation of multilateral environmental agreements, domestic law and case law, and from shifts in the development discourse and the struggles of communities. He refers to this new set of rights as 'biocultural rights' and defines them as being all the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities required to secure their stewardship role over their lands and waters. Biocultural rights build on two foundations: the self-determination and cultural diversity of indigenous peoples and local communities, and the conservation of the environment. This article suggests that the second foundation i…

CITES and Cacti a user's guide

This user’s guide covers the widely traded cactus family and how it is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The guide explores the major groups of cacti in trade, their distribution, conservation status, use and levels of trade as well as the likelihood of illegal trade. All CITES Appendix I taxa and a wide selection of Appendix II taxa are covered in detail. Major exemptions from CITES regulations are also outlined, including cacti not covered by CITES. The guide includes a fully illustrated PowerPoint training presentation with comprehensive speaker notes on CD-ROM.

The Legal Framework Behind Biocultural Rights. An Analysis of their Pros and Cons for Indigenous Peoples and for Local Communities

The idea of biocultural rights strives to address the overall issues of indigenous peoples and local communities in relation to the environment and to conflate together the different rights needed to promote their self-government and conservation of cultural identity. Indeed, biocultural rights place themselves in the Anthropocene debate as powerful tools able to provide answers to both human rights and environmental issues. But their environmental focus might raise some issues. This chapter will explore the pros and cons of choosing the path of claiming biocultural rights for, separately, indigenous peoples and local communities. They appear, in fact, as different subjects in international…

The Access and Benefit-Sharing regime and the preservation of traditional knowledge: benefits for the conservation of biodiversity? A study in Khomani and #Khwe San communities

WHEN RIGHTS EMBRACE RESPONSIBILITIES. BIOCULTURAL RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Environmentally-conditioned human rights: a good idea?

The emergence of the rights of nature is a clear response to the current environmental crisis. But such trend is not to walk alone: it is to be espoused to the many still remaining human rights issues, otherwise the power and credibility of both are at danger. This chapter focuses on one of the many possible points of encounter between the rights of nature and human rights. It explores how they may be combined within biocultural rights—the basket of rights of indigenous peoples and local communities necessary to maintain their role as ecosystem stewards—and tries to understand what the consequences of combining nature and human interests as their foundations may be. In particula…

The Political Ecology of Small-scale and Artisanal Fisheries: Enclosures, Property and Conservation

This article concentrates on some aspects of the political ecology of a specific portion of marine resource users, holders, and guardians – small-scale and artisanal fisheries (SSFs) – with the aim of exploring some of the struggles they are currently facing and how they are positioned vis à vis some of the solutions proposed to improve marine resources and ecosystems management and conservation. In particular, the article looks at the expansion of states’ sovereignty and private property to reduce unsustainable catches and at the establishment of marine and coastal protected areas as instruments that often fall short of sufficiently considering and respecting the livelihoods, culture, and …

Human Rights & Democracy: Proceedings of the 1st Palermo Graduate Workshop

2030 for the EU: Real steps of change? A short commentary on Biodiversity Strategy and Farm to Fork

A short commentary on the EU 2030 Biodiversity Strategy and the Farm to Fork Strategy. The Covid-19 pandemic adds other similarly contradictory stances: it is an occasion to change the world for the better, but it also forces us to focus on the here and now to save lives and jobs. The Strategy, whose subtitle is Bringing nature back into our lives, seems to speak to people in lock-down, building on their sense of suffocation from strict indoor living and on the beautiful and nourishing memories of moments spent in nature. However, the Strategy also, and mostly, speaks to industries and entrepreneurs who are projected to the post-Covid time to bring business back into their lives. Regardless…

Meanings and More…: Policy Brief of the ICCA Consortium no. 7

In 2018 the Council of the ICCA Consortium decided to develop a lexicon of meaningful, and at times complex, concepts and terms frequently used in its work, policies and relations with its Members and Partners. A few specific papers had been commissioned and prepared before, but no attempt had been made to collate working definitions of frequent use, while many felt a need for such a reference compendium. This need was evident also because the Consortium has highlighted and adopted new ways of referring to phenomena that, historically, had not been conceptually analysed. First among these phenomena are the very ICCAs—territories of life at the heart of the Consortium’s work. This document i…

Egadi Islands, COVID-19 Island Insight Series

The COVID-19 Island Insights Series is an initiative spearheaded by the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law & Governance (SCELG) and the Institute of Island Studies (IIS) at the University of Prince Edward Island in collaboration with Island Innovation. The initiative brings together critical assessments of how specific islands around the world have performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and the extent to which their recovery plans can promote resilience and sustainability in the long term.

Earth jurisprudence: new paths ahead

This special issue of the open access journal Diritto & Questioni Pubbliche contains the articles of legal theory and private law authors that have analysed the theory of Earth Jurisprudence and looked at the evolution and challenges of the recognition of rights to nature. The articles are authored by: Giulia Sajeva, Do we Need Earth Jurisprudence? Looking for Change in New Old Friends. - Sofia Ciuffoletti, Have trees got standing? A brief account of locus standi doctrines and case law in the environmental litigation on the basis of the principle of effectiveness of rights. - Matija Žgur, All the Earth’s legal children. Some sceptical comments about Nature’s legal personhood. - Giada Gi…

An overview of international legal and institutional frameworks for promoting community action in conservation

In much of the conservation discourse, the interests of humans and biodiversity are still presented as conflicting, in a relationship where satisfying the needs of one would come to the detriment of the other. This trade-off ideology has been at the basis of the, for instance, fences and fines approaches to conservation, and in the most extreme cases has led to the creation of protected areas by evicting indigenous peoples and local communities, irrespectively of their actual impacts on the local environment. Emerging approaches informed by the notions of community-based conservation and biocultural diversity have advanced alternative (yet age-old) ways of understanding the relationship bet…

Owning lands, seas, and the internet of things. From the tragedies of the commons to the tragedies of the anti-commons

This monographic section offers readers the possibility to critically reflect – from a legal, anthropological, philosophical, and economic point of view – on the diversity of existing forms of property, with particular attention to the commons.

Working with Traditional Knowledge: Information for Botanical Fieldwork

Botanical research can often involve access to traditional knowledge, as well as to botanical material held or managed by Indigenous and Local Communities (ILCs). There is a large and growing body of local, national and international laws, declarations and codes of conduct to guide best practice in this area. Researchers and students must be aware of this changing framework before collecting material and information in areas inhabited by ILCs.

Islands and COVID-19: A Global Survey

On 22 March 2020 the Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance (SCELG) started a survey aiming to better understand how COVID-19 was being dealt with on islands. SCELG partnered with Island Innovation and together they reached out to their island network. The goal was not to undertake a research project, but to collate 'raw' data from anybody who was inclined to respond and to put such data at the disposal of policymakers and wider island related stakeholders in their ongoing activities to deal with and adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was closed on 01 June. The response was very positive and 130 people answered the survey, in some cases more than once providing time…