Estrés y drogadicción: una perspectiva actualizada para 2020
The role of stress in addiction is complex. In this editorial we highlight the main issues of interest in the ongoing research in relation to drug addiction and stress from an up-to-date perspective. Thus, taking into account that several bibliographic reviews have been published recently on the subject, the aim of this editorial has been to gather updated information in order to point out future directions of research that could make a valuable contribution to the knowledge about addictions and the role that stress plays in them. Finally, we stress the need for interdisciplinary research that addresses stress and addictions by incorporating and integrating physical and psychosocial facto…
Interoception moderates the relation between alexithymia and risky-choices in a framing task: A proposal of two-stage model of decision-making.
Decision-making depends on the context (frame) in which questions and alternatives are presented. Moreover, research has showed that the ability to detect bodily sensations (interoception) and being able to attribute these changes to emotions correctly (alexithymia) influence how we make decisions. The aim of the present research was to study how interoception and alexithymia might affect the Framing effect (FE), a cognitive bias closely related to emotional system. 42 healthy participants completed the Risky-choice Framing task and their interoception and alexithymia levels were measured. Results showed that the participants were more risk-taking under the negative frames in comparison to …
Emotional stress & decision-making: an emotional stressor significantly reduces loss aversion
Stress influences loss aversion, the principle that losses loom larger than gains, although the nature of this relationship is unclear. Studies show that stress reduces loss aversion; however, stress response has been only studied by means of physiological measures, but the stressor emotional impact remained unclear. Since emotions can modify stress response and increase the activity of the loss aversion neural substrates, it could be expected that an emotional stressor may produce the opposite effect, i.e. loss aversion increase. 69 participants were divided into experimental and control group. The first one was exposed to emotional stress through a 5-minutes video, and control group viewe…
Positive emotion induction improves cardiovascular coping with a cognitive task
Feeling positive emotions seems to favour an adaptive cardiovascular response (greater heart rate variability, HRV), associated with improved cognitive performance. This study aims to test whether the induction of a positive emotional state produce such cardiovascular response and therefore, enhance coping and performance in Tower of Hanoi (ToH). Forty-two Participants were randomly distributed into two groups (Experimental and Control). Experimental group was subjected to the evocation of a memory of success, while control group was subjected to an attentional task before performing ToH. Heart Rate Variability (HRV), activity of the zygomatic major muscle (ZEMG) and emotions were measured.…
Early stages of the acute physical stress response increase loss aversion and learning on decision making: A Bayesian approach
Abstract When the cortisol peak is reached after a stressor people learn slower and make worse decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). However, the effects of the early stress response have not received as much attention. Since physical exercise is an important neuroendocrine stressor, this study aimed to fill this gap using an acute physical stressor. We hypothesized that this stress stage would promote an alertness that may increase feedback-sensitivity and, therefore, reward-learning during IGT, leading to a greater overall decision-making. 90 participants were divided into two groups: 47 were exposed to an acute intense physical stressor (cycloergometer) and 43 to a distractor 5 min …
The Contribution of Neuroscience and Health Psychology to Macroergonomics
When a work system is considered we must focus on people that are part of the system as an active agent that can participate and interact all along the working process. In this process, stress contributes to increasing the probability of diseases and accidents. Therefore, one of the main objectives, from a preventive perspective, is to reduce stress levels. Related to this, the characteristics of healthy organizations will be described as a model to promote health. The objective of this chapter is to offer a broad and multidisciplinary perspective of prevention risk in the workplace centered in the worker, taking the view of neuroscience and health psychology. For that purpose, stress inter…
Heart rate variability after vigorous physical exercise is positively related to loss aversion
Loss aversion bias, whereby losses loom larger than gains, can be reduced by stress. At the same time, vigorous physical exercise is a powerful neuroendocrine stressor and heart rate variability (HRV) provides an objective measure of the actual exercise impact, relative to each individual physical condition. Our aim was to study whether vigorous exercise can influence loss aversion, considering HRV in this relation. We hypothesized that the lower HRV derived from vigorous exercise (i.e., when stressor produced the most impact) would predict a lower loss aversion.Two groups (Experimental,Results revealed a significant group x HRV interaction. In the control group, HRV was not associated with…