0000000000255088
AUTHOR
Jean-philippe Malet
Fractal simulation of urbanization for the analysis of vulnerability to natural hazards
International audience; Since 50 years, mountain areas are affected by important land cover/use changes characterized by the decrease of pastoral activities, reforestation and urbanization with the development of tourism activities and infrastructures. These natural and anthropogenic transformations have an impact on the socio-economic activities but also on the exposure of the communities to natural hazards.In the context of the ANR Project SAMCO which aims at enhancing the overall resilience of societies on theimpacts of mountain risks, the objective of this research was to help to determine where to locate new residential developments for different scenarios of land cover/use (based on t…
Techniques for the modelling of the process systems in slow and fast-moving landslides
This chapter reviews some of the current strategies for landslide modelling. Main physical processes in landslides are first recalled. Numerical tools are then introduced for the analysis of the behaviour of slow- and fast-moving landslides. Representative case studies are introduced through the chapter to highlight how different modelling strategies can be used depending on the physical processes that the modeller wants to take into account.
Moving Ahead from Assessments to Actions by Using Harmonized Risk Assessment Methodologies for Soil Degradation
Almost all developed countries use risk assessment methodologies (RAMs) for the evaluation of risks related to soil degradation, viz. soil organic matter decline, erosion, landslides, salinization and/or compaction. However and for various reasons, seldom the use of such RAMs seldom results in actual measures to combat soil degradation in practice. In this study the current status of RAMs in EU-27 was evaluated and factors hampering the implementation of action plans were explored. To do so we used a so-called risk assessment chain, which describes the five successive steps of any risk assessment for soil threats viz., (1) notion of the threat, (2) data collection, (3) data processing, (4) …
The need for harmonizing methodologies for assessing soil threats in Europe
Central to the EU thematic strategy for soil protection is that areas affected by soil degradation through erosion, soil organic matter (SOM) decline, compaction, salinization and landslides should be identified in a clear and consistent way. However, the current methodologies to achieve this often differ and this can result in different perceptions of risks amongst EU Member States. The aims of this paper are to: (i) assess the current status of assessment methodologies in Europe (EU27) associated with erosion, SOM decline, compaction, salinization and landslides and (ii) discuss the issues associated with harmonization of these methodologies throughout the EU27. The need for harmonization…