0000000000280542
AUTHOR
H. Martin Schaefer
No Evidence for Enforced Alloparental Care in a Cooperatively Breeding Parrot
In cooperatively breeding species, in which non-breeding helpers assist in rearing the offspring of breeding individuals, conflicts of interest commonly occur between breeders and helpers over their respective contributions to offspring care. During such conflicts, breeders might use aggressive behavior to enforce contributions of helpers to offspring care, especially if helpers are not related to the breeders and their offspring and thus do not stand to gain indirect fitness benefits by helping. Using a combination of behavioral and genetic data, we investigated in the cooperatively breeding El Oro parakeet Pyrrhura orcesi (i) whether breeders are commonly dominant over helpers, (ii) wheth…
Specialization and interaction strength in a tropical plant–frugivore network differ among forest strata
The degree of interdependence and potential for shared coevolutionary history of frugivorous animals and fleshy-fruited plants are contentious topics. Recently, network analyses revealed that mutualistic relationships between fleshy-fruited plants and frugivores are mostly built upon generalized associations. However, little is known about the determinants of network structure, especially from tropical forests where plants' dependence on animal seed dispersal is particularly high. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of specialization and interaction strength in a plant-frugivore network from a Kenyan rain forest. We recorded fruit removal from 33 plant species in different forest strata (…
Appendix A. Interaction frequencies in a plant–frugivore network of 88 frugivore and 33 plant species from Kakamega Forest, Kenya.
Interaction frequencies in a plant–frugivore network of 88 frugivore and 33 plant species from Kakamega Forest, Kenya.