0000000000295253
AUTHOR
Carmelo Calì
showing 8 related works from this author
Graph
2020
A graph is any abstract object that consists of vertices and edges. This entry presents the main attributes of vertices and edges.
Drawing
2020
A drawing is the result of the production of marks on a surface with suitable means to represent a scene, concrete or abstract objects for technological, scientific, artistic, communicative aims. Some theories claimed that drawing is founded on symbolic systems that are culture-dependent. Evidence has been found that the ability of recognizing what drawings represent is widespread across ages, cultures and species. Drawing may be founded on shared cognitive capacities. These capacities can be abstractly described as the graphic and the denotation system.
Grouping
2020
Grouping refers to the function of unification and segregation due to factors which account for the fact that the perception of the environment is endowed with order, structures and filled with objects and events among which relations of connection or disjointness hold. Gestalt psychologists provided a wealth of experimental evidence for the specification of the factors and their phenomenological nature, that is their independence from non-perceptual determinants. grouping factors can be discovered through well-defined transformations applied on elements and specified recursively as functional connections. They figure as preferential rules of perceptual grammar.
Deformation
2020
In the continuous model of a solid object, which is ideally considered composed of such material points that each one of them is surrounded by a dense neighbourhood fully occupied by other points, the deformation is a variation carried out by a transformation, which does not preserve isometry. Deformations differ from displacements caused by rigid motions. For a closed boundary curve in the three-dimensional space, Plateau wondered what surfaces would minimize the potential surface energy. Deformation was held to underlie the evolution of biological forms, described by the “Cartesian transformations”, or the interpolation function of landmarks covariation over a thin-plate spline, the perce…
Form constancy
2020
Form constancy denotes the appearance of the invariant shape of objects in the environment, notwithstanding the variability due to changes of the viewpoint, caused by subjects movement, to objects displacement, to illumination, lightness, color, and texture whose variation can affect the internal and external boundaries of the surfaces that fall in the simultaneous or successive views of solid objects. In early psychology of perception, shape invariance was called form constancy to highlight the perceptual ability to derive something constant from the changing forms of the multiple views of objects. Shape is an attribute of 2D surfaces and 3D objects, which are invariant across the transfor…
Evidence//Intuibility
2020
The concept of evidence is implied by distinct kinds of cognitive and reasoning processes carried out in ordinary experience or in specialized domains of knowledge, like science, philosophy, logic and mathematics. Theories have been developed along three orthogonal axes. Along the first axis, theories are located according to their view on evidence as a necessary and sufficient condition for knowledge. Along the second axis, theories are located according to the cognitive characterization of evidence. On the third axis, theories are distinguished by the individuation of the bearers of evidence.
Perception / percept
2020
The term perception denotes the capacity of grasping something that to the common sense belongs to external world, which is the stable and persistent collection of things that are the natural and man-made furniture of the environment. Perception denotes also the capacity of sensing something, like warmth or pain, that is the effect of an external or internal cause localized on or inside one’s own body. Therefore, perception has subjective and objective factors as constituents of its conditions of satisfaction. The activity of perception is describable in terms of the percept, namely the objective constituent of its conditions of satisfaction
Intuition
2020
Intuition encompasses questions debated throughout philosophy. This entry treats intuition as a name for cognitive capacities according to the theory in which it is introduced.