Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by cyclic AMP.
Abstract Prostaglandins (PG) regulate many biological processes, among others inflammatory reactions. Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyse PG synthesis. Since this step is rate limiting, the regulation of COX expression is of critical importance to PG biology. Contrary to COX-1, which is constitutively expressed, COX-2 expression is subject to regulation. For example, COX-2 levels are increased in inflammatory reactions. Many signalling pathways can regulate COX-2 expression, not least those involving receptors for COX products themselves. Analysis of the intracellular signal transducers involved reveals a crucial role for cAMP, albeit as a modulator rather than direct induce…
Gitelman-Like Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic Variants in mtDNA
Contains fulltext : 248375.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Gitelman syndrome is the most frequent hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia. Gitelman syndrome is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC12A3, encoding the Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) expressed in the distal convoluted tubule. Pathogenic variants of CLCNKB, HNF1B, FXYD2, or KCNJ10 may result in the same renal phenotype of Gitelman syndrome, as they can lead to reduced NCC activity. For approximately 10 percent of patients with a Gitelman syndrome phenotype, the genotype is unknown. METHODS: We identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in th…