Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, Germany, 1962-2005
This endemic occupational disease has become a foodborne and travel-associated zoonosis primarily affecting Turkish immigrants.
DRB1*0401-restricted human T cell clone specific for the major proinsulin73-90 epitope expresses a down-regulatory T helper 2 phenotype.
Recently, we have identified proinsulin (P-Ins) 73-90 as an immunodominant T cell epitope of HLA-DRB1*0401 (DR4) subjects with β-islet cell autoimmunity and of HLA-DR4/CD4 double-transgenic mice immunized with human P-Ins. We have compared the fine specificities of one human CD4 T cell clone and two mouse T cell hybridoma clones recognizing this epitope, and, although these three clones all recognized the same core region (LALEGSLQK), there were major differences in how they interacted with the peptide (p)/HLA complex, reflecting the fact that human P-Ins is a foreign antigen in the mouse and an autoantigen in the type 1 diabetes patient. The human T cell clone was forkhead transcription f…