Colon cancer cell-derived exosomes modulate macrophage immunosuppressive phenotype associated to PD-L1 expression

Metafora e metonimia tra linguistica cognitiva e teoria della pertinenza. Uno studio delle lingue dei segni primarie/ Metaphor and metonymy between Cognitive Linguistics and Relevance Theory. A study on Primary Sign Languages

BASI DELL'ORGANIZZAZIONE BIOLOGICA

) Classificazione degli organismi Albero dello vita ) Cellula "alle origini" Organismi e cellule Sviluppo dello teoria cellulare Proprietà fondamentali delle cellule ) Cellula procariotica Procorioti più antichi: Archaea Batteria ) Virus Caratteristiche generali Origine e natura ) Cellula eucariotica Membrane biologiche Nucleo Reticolo endoplasmatico Ribosomi Mitocondri Complesso del Golgi Lisosomi Perossisomi Citoscheletro

COLON CANCER CELL-DERIVED EXOSOMES INDUCE MACROPHAGES TO ACQUIRE AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PHENOTYPE BY UPREGULATING PD-L1 EXPRESSION

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a prominent component of cancer microenvironment having a key role in promoting tumor progression. Several studies have demonstrated that TAMs phenotypically and functionally correspond to M2-polarized macrophages thus they exert immunosuppressive functions also associated to the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Within the local tumor microenvironment, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are well known to play a key role in modulating the properties and the behavior of surrounding cells such as TAMs. Even if several studies demonstrated the ability of TDEs to induce M2-like macrophage polarization, few data are available about their inv…

Uno studio della LIS in Diacronia: alcune riflessioni”

Riflessioni di biostatistica ed epidemiologia clinica

Metaphors and metonymies understanding in sign systems

The aim of this paper is to integrate the cognitive linguistic theory and the relevance theory to provide a comprehensive explanation of what metaphors and metonymies are and to explore their interaction. We approach this question through the analysis of metaphors and metonymies in homesign systems developed by deaf individuals who have no contact with the Deaf Community. We conclude that there is a complex interplay between metonymies and metaphors as a result of a process of representing the human experience by exploiting iconicity and contiguity relations between sign and referent. Speaking metaphorically and use metonymies is a complex ability that arises in two different steps. In our …

METAPHOR USE IN SIGN SYSTEM: A TWO-STEP MODEL FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF METAPHOR AND METONYMY

The aim of this paper is to integrate the cognitive linguistic theory and the relevance theory to provide a comprehensive explanation of what metaphors and metonymies are and to explore their interaction. We approach this question through the analysis of metaphors and metonymies in homesign systems developed by deaf individuals who have no contact with the Deaf Community. We conclude that there is a complex interplay between metonymies and metaphors as a result of a process of representing the human experience by exploiting iconicity and contiguity relations between sign and referent. Speaking metaphorically and use metonymies is a complex ability that arises in two different steps. In our …

Co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Gamma variants in Italy, February and March 2021

Background Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have emerged through 2020 and 2021. There is need for tools to estimate the relative transmissibility of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to circulating strains. Aim We aimed to assess the prevalence of co-circulating VOC in Italy and estimate their relative transmissibility. Methods We conducted two genomic surveillance surveys on 18 February and 18 March 2021 across the whole Italian territory covering 3,243 clinical samples and developed a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of co-circulating strains. Results The Alpha variant was already dominant on 18 February in a majority of regions/autonomous provinces (…