Positive or negative involvement of heat-shock proteins in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: an overview.

Parkinson's Disease and Cancer

Epidemiological evidence suggests a reduced incidence of many common types of cancers in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease and cancer are two diseases that result from an excessive signaling by one of two forces driving cells to opposite directions. PD results from the excessive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in the brain, while uncontrolled growth is the key property of cancer. Parkinson's disease is a complex disorder, probably due in most of the cases to the interaction of environment and genes. Many genes responsible for familial forms of PD are supposed to have a supportive role in regulating or maintaining the cel…

Gastrulation in sea urchin and amphibian embryos

Extracellular vesicles from CS fluid are possible biomarkers of multiple sclerosis disease status

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease and several researches have been focused on identifying molecular biomarkers that could reflect its heterogeneous clinical course and determine the best treatment option for patients. Some studies identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and also in blood samples of patients affected by inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases and multiple sclerosis. To monitor the disease onset and its progression we compared the amount of CSF-EVs and their surface markers in subjects affected by either MS or other neurological disorders correlating the EVs with clinical indicators of MS disease severity. EVs isolated by u…

A constitutive 70 kDa heat-shock protein is localized on the fibres of spindles and asters at metaphase in an ATP-dependent manner: A new chaperone role is proposed

In the present study, double immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis have been used to show that centrosomes, isolated from Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos at the first mitotic metaphase, contain the constitutive chaperone, heat-shock protein (HSP) 70. More specifically, we demonstrate that centrosomes contain only the HSP70-d isoform, which is one of the four isoforms identified in P. lividus . We also provide evidence that p34(cell division control kinase-2) and t complex polypeptide-1 (TCP-1) α, a subunit of the TCP-1 complex, are localized on the centrosomes. Furthermore, inhibition of TCP-1 in vivo, via microinjecting an anti-(TCP-1α) antibody into P. lividus eggs before fe…

H2O2 INDUCES NECROPTOSIS IN MESOANGIOBLAST STEM CELLS

Stem cells are used in regenerative medicine, but their therapeutic efficacy is compromised by their huge death during the first days post-transplantation. Indeed, the microenvironment within damaged tissues is hostile for stem cell survival mainly due to oxidative stress. H2O2 may play a relevant role in inducing death of the injected cells. The aim of our study was to determine the mechanism of mesoangioblast (A6) cell death after an H2O2 treatment. FACS analysis with annV/PI showed that H2O2 induced a dose and time-dependent decrement in A6 viability. We have also found an increase in caspases 8, 9 and 3 activity after the treatment. To assess their involvement in cell death, the pan cas…

Extracellular vesicles shedded by mouse mesoangioblasts have paracrine effects on different cell types

Introduction Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel associated progenitor stem cells endowed with the ability of multipotent mesoderm differentiation. We have already demonstrated that these stem cells, as all the other stem cells, are able to release in the extracellular milieu membrane vesicles (EV) containing biological active molecules, such as FGF2, MMP2/91 and Hsp702. Today takes hold the idea that the vesicles can replace stem cells opening a new scenario in regenerative medicine3. To this aim, we investigated the possible paracrine interaction of mesoangioblast EV on different cell types and their effects. Results and conclusions We have showed that mesoangioblast EV interact with human e…

Extracellular Hsp70 Enhances Mesoangioblast Migration via an Autocrine Signaling Pathway

Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated progenitor stem cells endowed with the ability of multipotent mesoderm differentiation. Therefore, they represent a promising tool in the regeneration of injured tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that homing of mesoangioblasts into blood and injured tissues are mainly controlled by cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory factors. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating their ability to traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that membrane vesicles released by mesoangioblasts contain Hsp70, and that the released Hsp70 is able to interact by an autocrine mechanism with Toll-like receptor …

An hsf2-like factor is present in the invertebrates: Characterization and purification in sea urchin embryos and its localization in primary mesenchime cells

Karyotype analysis of the sea urchinParacentrotus lividus (Echinodermata): evidence for a heteromorphic chromosome sex mechanism

A consistent diploid number of 2n = 36 was determined for the sea urchinParacentrotus lividus from the Gulf of Palermo by analysis of mitotic chromosomes of both early developing embryos and male gonads. The haploid numbern = 18 was determined by counts of spermatocyte bivalents at diakinesis. A heteromorphic chromosome sex mechanism of the XY type is likely present in this species. This is indicated by the occurrence of a chromosomal pair, pair No. 2, which is heteromorphic in both morphology and size in about 50% of the mitotic figures (metaphases and anaphases) of einbryos. In addition, heteromorphism of the same pair of chromosomes occurred during spermatogonial metaphases in the five m…