0000000000464705
AUTHOR
Louis De Mesnard
showing 15 related works from this author
True prices, latent prices and the Ghosh model : some inconsistencies
2001
Beside the traditional Leontief demand-driven model, there is the Ghosh supply-driven model. This paper explores the typology of the possible models: demand driven models versus supply driven models, true prices versus latent (or index) prices, coefficients in physical terms versus coefficients in value. This demonstrates that the supply-driven model offers results of limited interest, being incapable to separate quantities and prices; and it is only when a very strange hypothesis is chosen -- demand prices, controlled by the buyer -- that the supply-driven model gives an interesting result with a separation between quantities and prices in the solution, becoming the dual of the Leontief mo…
Energie informatique et choix de matériel
1995
The choice of computers been made according to a minimax: one chooses the most powerful computer in the less powerful category. We show here that, in a simple case, if one takes into account the time of equipment utilization, this rule can be given in cause. We study then a case more complicated including some technical parameters like the case of multiprocessor machine and including other human parameters like the intensity of task submission.
On the consistency of the commodity-based technology in make-use model of production
2001
In the Stone make-use model, the industry-based technology is consistent because his solution can be explained in variational terms inside a circuit. However, the alternative model, the commodity-based technology, is not economically realistic: it never corresponds to a circuit, even if an exact solution can be found when the number of commodities is equal to the number of industries. This model hesitates between a supply-driven and a demand-driven model but when it is converted into a true supply-driven one, it retrieves a consistency.
Qualitative methods of structural analysis : layer-based methods are informationally trivial
2000
Some methods of qualitative structural analysis, as MFA, are based on the analysis of layers (flow matrices generated at each iteration when the equilibrium of an input-output model is computed). MFA mixes the analysis of the pure structure of production (the technical coefficients) and of the final demand. I have demonstrated that all column-coefficient matrices (or row-coefficient matrices) computed from each layer are the same in MFA: the information brought by one layer is identical to those of another layer. For a given structure of production, the only element of variability over layers is caused by the flows that final demand generates.If the new definition of layers proposed by the …
Coordination and profit rate maximization
1995
We study the effects over the coordination between firms of the choice of another objectivefunction for the firm: the profit rate maximization which seems to be closer to business practice than the classical pure profit maximization. After recalling the effect of the new objective function over the optimum (the optimal production is lower), two cases are considered : perfect competition (the price signal disappear), and duopoly-oligopoly (the functions of reactions may vanish). (FR) Nous étudions les effets sur la coordination inter-firmes du choix d'une autre fonction objectif pour la firme: la maximisation du taux de profit qui semble être plus proche de la pratique des affaires que la cl…
About the problems caused by the Gini and Kakwani index of inequality measurement
1997
On fait le point sur les faiblesses des indices de Gini et de Kakwani lorsque la dominance entre distributions n’est pas garantie : à un même Gini peuvent correspondre plusieurs distributions différentes et à une même valeur du Kakwani peuvent correspondre une infinité de couples d’ indices de Gini. On propose alors d ’approximer la courbe de Lorenz typiquement en deux ou trois parties linéaires, puis de décrire la position de son coude ou de ses deux coudes par deux ou quatre nombres qui suffisent caractériser complètement sa forme et la catégorie à laquelle elle appartient. Une procédure de choix entre distributions est proposée, basée sur une application du maximin : entre deux distribut…
The maximisation of the rate of financial profit
1991
On the traditional micro-economic theory, firms are supposed to maximise pure profit. We study what happened when we take into consideration shareholders and the financial profit remunerating the financial capital. We show that it is necessary to surrender the financial profit maximisation to use the rate of financial profit maximisation. The cases of concurrence with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with variable coefficient of capital are studied, and the role of contraints of rentability are treated. The solutions given by the profit maximisation and by the rate of profitmaximisation are compared. We conclude to a reduction of the volume of i…
A biproportional measure of multidimensional inequality
1999
Bradburd and Ross have proposed a measure of multidimensional inequality based on a quadratic-loss criterion: one matrix is compared to another even if they have not the same margins. This is reconsidered. One removes the effect of size variation between the analyzed distribution and the reference distribution by giving to the two matrices the same margins with a biproportional operator. The size differences inside the analyzed structure are removed by a bimarkovian biproportional operator. As homogeneity does not signify equality, the homogeneous reference structure is replaced by a uniform matrix to be compared to the first matrix.
Gini index, inequality comparisons and maximim axiom : a paradox
1999
Inequality is appreciated only through a relevant measure, traditionally the Gini index, but this one presents a weakness that prevents to consider it as valid: to a same Gini may correspond many distributions. For the most simple case, a concentration curve with two linear segments, a criterion is proposed, based on the maximin: beside curves with same Gini, the more egalitarian is those in which each poor has the higher revenue. However, this does not allow to decide for two curves with different Gini: two indeterminate zones appear. This is extended to curves with three linear segments and two kinks.
Intern conflicts and a production function with combining sub-factors
1994
Considering sub-factors, like different categories of capital or different categories of work, a production function is proposed: each sub-factor of one factor may be combined with each sub-factor of the other factor. Different types of programs exists at different levels. The conditions to obtain identical solution for these programs are studied. Considering that there is one responsible manager by program, conflicts between managers of each program arepossible because these programs give non identical solutions in general. The important fact is that these intern conflicts appear naturally without extra economical considerations
Controlled-by-owner firms, mobility of capital and microeconomic profit rate maximization
1999
When they actively control the firm, owners select the firm that has the best profit rate if the hypothesis of mobility of capital is adopted: controlled-by-owner firms are profit-rate-maximizing when sleeping-owner firms are pure-profit-maximizing. Both types are compared in monopoly, in perfect competition, in classical or in mixed duopoly. Always, controlled-by-owner firms have a lower output than comparable sleeping-owner firms. It only takes a fixed coefficient of equity capital to do that price plays no role for controlled-by-owner firms in perfect competition; in duopoly, it only takes a similar condition plus a linear demand to do that reaction functions vanish.
The microeconomic maximisation of a ratio of profit : a restatement
1993
On the traditional microeconomic theory, firms are supposed to maximise theaggregate pure profit. We study other objective functions which are ratios profit over capital. We explore various combinations, proposing a typology of the ratios o f profit, particularly the rate of profit (accounting profit over capital), the rate o f gross profit (gross profit over capital), the rate of accounting profit (accounting profit over capital). The cases of monopoly with variable coefficient of capital, monopoly with fix coefficient of capital, competition with fix coefficient of capital, are studied. The solutions given by the maximisation of the aggregate pure profit and the maximisation of the rate o…
About the reinterpretation of the Ghosh model as a price model
2001
The Ghosh model assumes that, in an input-output framework, each commodity is sold to each sector in fixed proportions. This model is strongly criticized because it seems implausible in the traditional input-output field. To answer to these critics, Dietzenbacher stresses that it can be reinterpreted as a price model: the Leontief price model is equivalent to the Ghosh model when this one is interpreted as a price model. This paper shows that the interpretation of the Ghosh model as a price model cannot be accepted because Dietzenbacher makes a strong assumption, dichotomy, while the Ghosh model does not determine prices...
Analyzing structural change : the biproportional mean filter and the biproportional bimarkovian filter
1998
The biproportional filter was created to analyze structural change between two input-output matrices by removing the effect of differential growth of sectors without predetermining if the model is demand or supply-driven, but with the disadvantage that projecting a first matrix on a second is not the same thing than projecting the second matrix on the first. Here two alternative methods are proposed which has not this last drawback, with the additional advantage for the biproportional bimarkovian filter that effects of sector size are also removed. Methods are compared with an application for France for 1980 and 1996.
Séries temporelles et flou
1982
La compréhension de la nature du temps, et de son écoulement, est un problème qui a toujours préoccupé les hommes L'idée que l'on se fait du temps est elle-même discutable et discutée, et pas seulement par les philosophes. Tout agent, dans l'activité qu'il déploie est amené à se poser, même implicitement, cette question. En effet, le temps nous est compté. Toute action doit le prendre en considération. La valeur des produits humains en dépend. Il faut toujours ramener une production, voire même une consommation, au temps qu'il a fallu pour la réaliser. Nul n'y échappe, ni dans ses loisirs, ni dans son travail. Mais c'est dans ce dernier que les instruments de mesure qui introduisant le temp…