Reflections on the Hohmann Transfer

Walter Hohmann was a civil engineer who studied orbital maneuvers in his spare time. In 1925, he published an important book (Ref. 1) containing his main result, namely, that the most economical transfer from a circular orbit to another circular orbit is achieved via an elliptical trajectory bitangent to the terminal orbits. With the advent of the space program some three decades later, the Hohmann transfer maneuver became the most fundamental maneuver in space. In this work, we present a complete study of the Hohmann transfer maneuver. After revisiting its known properties, we present a number of supplementary properties which are essential to the qualitative understanding of the maneuver.…