0000000000515386
AUTHOR
C. Welter
Value of the electronic scalpel (cut mode) in the evaluation of the fetal face
Objectives To evaluate the improvement of image quality and diagnostic value of fetal face examinations using the electric scalpel. Methods A total of 232 cases were examined. The fetuses were separated into two groups: Group A, including normal fetuses (n = 152) and Group B, fetuses with facial pathology (n = 80). The fetuses were divided into eight subgroups according to gestational age (9–12 weeks, 13–16 weeks, 17–20 weeks, 21–24 weeks, 25–28 weeks, 29–32 weeks, 33–36 weeks and 37–40 weeks). Results The number of cutting steps for the improvement of image quality ranged from 1 to 9 (mean value 3) in the group of normal fetuses and from 1 to 10 (mean value 3) in the group of fetuses with …
Reference values of fetal aortic flow velocity waveforms and associated intra-observer reliability in normal pregnancies
Objectives It was the aim of the present study to calculate new Doppler reference ranges for blood flow velocities (Vmax, Vmean, Vmin) and resistance indices (PI, RI) for the fetal descending aorta by automatic waveform analysis. Design Cross-sectional prospective study. Subjects Nine hundred and twenty-six low-risk pregnancies at 18–41 weeks' gestation. Methods Aortic blood flow velocities were derived with pulsed-wave color Doppler. Measurements were carried out at the level of the diaphragm. Reference ranges for the individual measuring parameters were constructed based on a growth function from a four-parameter class of monotonic continuous functions according to the smallest square pri…