0000000000550470
AUTHOR
Samia Bensalem
Efficacy and Safety of Degludec versus Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes.
BACKGROUND Degludec is an ultralong-Acting, once-daily basal insulin that is approved for use in adults, adolescents, and children with diabetes. Previous open-label studies have shown lower day-To-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect and lower rates of hypoglycemia among patients who received degludec than among those who received basal insulin glargine. However, data are lacking on the cardiovascular safety of degludec. METHODS We randomly assigned 7637 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive either insulin degludec (3818 patients) or insulin glargine U100 (3819 patients) once daily between dinner and bedtime in a double-blind, treat-To-Target, event-driven cardiovascular outco…
Mechanism of the palladium-catalysed electrosynthesis of diethyl carbonate from carbon monoxide and ethanol
Abstract A mechanism is proposed for the PdBr2(PPh3)2-catalysed electrosynthesis of diethyl carbonate from carbon monoxide and ethanol, proceeding at room temperature and atmospheric CO pressure. The mechanism is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The active Pd0 complex able to coordinate CO is generated by the chemical reduction of PdBr2(PPh3)2 by EtO– ions generated from EtOH at the cathode. After reaction of EtO– ions with Pd0(PPh3)2(CO), the ensuing anionic complex [(PPh3)2Pd0–COOEt]– is oxidized at the anode in a key step leading to BrPdII–COOEt(PPh3)2. A nucleophilic attack of ethoxide on the latter generates diethyl carbonate and the Pd0 complex active in th…