Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease stage 5D—report from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes controversies conference

Management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis (stage 5D) provides a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. The association between BP and cardiovascular disease risk has been well studied in the general population; however, in dialysis patients, physiological and dialysis-related mechanisms influencing BP are complex, and the associated risk is poorly understood. In stage 5D, BP is determined by the complex interplay of fluid volume and prescription of post-dialysis target weight, sodium load, the renin–angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, and diverse exogenous factors, such as administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating a…