Left ventricular non compaction: epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and therapy

Abstract Left ventricular non compaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy due to an arrest of the normal development of myocardium which determines the persistence of foetal myocardium in post--natal life in at least 2/3 of the wall (criterion known as non compacted/ compacted ratio greater than 2). Although in absence of a confirmed prevalence of LVNC, reviewing literature shows an increasing number of reports over the years, though diagnosed cases represent just the tip of a realistically far wider phenomenon. Clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from the absence of any symptom to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and systemic thromboembolism. Echocardiography is the gold standard …