Protein expression in submandibular glands of young rats is modified by a high-fat/high-sugar maternal diet

International audience; OBJECTIVE: Maternal diet has consequences on many organs of the offspring, but salivary glands have received little attention despite the importance of the saliva secretory function in oral health and control of food intake. The objective of this work was therefore to document in rats the impact of maternal high-fat/high-sugar diet (Western Diet) on submandibular glands of the progeny. DESIGN: Sprague-Dawley rat dams were fed either a Western diet or control diet during gestation and lactation and their pups were sacrificed 25 days after birth. The pups' submandibular gland protein content was characterized by means of 2D-electrophoresis followed by LC-MS/MS. Data we…

Impact of 7-Ketocholesterol and Very Long Chain Fatty Acids on Oligodendrocyte Lipid Membrane Organization: Evaluation Via LAURDAN and FAMIS Spectral Image Analysis

International audience; In the context of multiple sclerosis and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) and very long chain fatty acids (C24:0, C26:0) are supposed to induce side effects respectively on oligodendrocytes which are myelin (which is a lipoproteic complex) synthesizing cells. The effects of 7KC (25, 50 mu M), C24:0 and C26:0 (10, 20 mu M) on cell viability and lipid membrane organization were investigated on 158N murine oligodendrocytes. Concerning 7KC and fatty acids (at 20 mu M only):1) cell growth was strongly inhibited; 2) marked induction of cell death was revealed with propidium iodide (PI); 3) no apoptotic cells were found with C24:0 and C26:0 (absence of…

Impact of aldehyde dehydrogenases and aldo-keto reductases on human olfactory peri-receptor events

International audience

Characterization of rat glutathione transferases in olfactory mucus and epithelium

International audience

Oral homeostasis disruption by medical plasticizer component bisphenol A in adult male rats.

Objectives/Hypothesis Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen-like chemical mimetic widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins found in numerous consumer products including food packaging, medical devices, and dental sealants. Because it is recovered in fluids and it can reach high levels in saliva, this study aimed to evaluate its safety on oral homeostasis by examining its effects on salivary glands, mouth epithelium, water consumption, and salt preference, each parameter being estrogen sensitive. Study Design Randomized controlled trial involving rats. Methods A dose-response study was conducted in adult Wistar rats randomized into five groups (n = 12). B…

Peroxisomal and mitochondrial status of two murine oligodendrocytic cell lines (158N, 158JP): potential models for the study of peroxisomal disorders associated with dysmyelination processes.

International audience; In some neurodegenerative disorders (leukodystrophies) characterized by myelin alterations, the defect of peroxisomal functions on myelin-producing cells (oligodendrocytes) are poorly understood. The development of in vitro models is fundamental to understanding the physiopathogenesis of these diseases. We characterized two immortalized murine oligodendrocyte cell lines: a normal (158N) and a jimpy (158JP) cell line mutated for the proteolipid protein PLP/DM20. Fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blotting analysis allow to identify major myelin proteins (PLP colocalizing with mitochondria; myelin basic protein), oligodendrocyte (CNPase and myelin oli…

Incidence of Abcd1 level on the induction of cell death and organelle dysfunctions triggered by very long chain fatty acids and TNF-alpha on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is characterized by ABCD1 deficiency. This disease is associated with elevated concentrations of very long chain fatty acids (C24:0 and C26:0) in the plasma and tissues of patients. Under its severe form, brain demyelination and inflammation are observed. Therefore, we determined the effects of C24:0 and C26:0 on glial cells:oligodendrocytes, which synthesize myelin, and astrocytes, which participate in immune response. So, 158N murine oligodendrocytes, rat C6 glioma cells, rat primary cultures of neuronal-glial cells, and of oligodendrocytes were treated for various periods of time in the absence or presence of C24:0 and C26:0 used at plasmatic concent…

Implication des enzymes dans la perception chimio-sensorielle : une piste dans les troubles olfacto-gustatifs induits par des xénobiotiques ?

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Odorant metabolism catalyzed by olfactory mucosal enzymes influences peripheral olfactory responses in rats.

International audience; A large set of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs), such as the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), esterases and transferases, are highly expressed in mammalian olfactory mucosa (OM). These enzymes are known to catalyze the biotransformation of exogenous compounds to facilitate elimination. However, the functions of these enzymes in the olfactory epithelium are not clearly understood. In addition to protecting against inhaled toxic compounds, these enzymes could also metabolize odorant molecules, and thus modify their stimulating properties or inactivate them. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro biotransformation of odorant molecules in the rat …

Expression and differential localization of xenobiotic transporters in the rat olfactory neuro-epithelium.

International audience; Transporters, such as multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins (MDR), multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRP) and organic anion transporters (OATs), are involved in xenobiotic metabolism, particularly the cellular uptake or efflux of xenobiotics (and endobiotics) or their metabolites. The olfactory epithelium is exposed to both inhaled xenobiotics and those coming from systemic circulation. This tissue has been described as a pathway for xenobiotics to the brain via olfactory perineural space. Thereby, olfactory transporters and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, dedicated to the inactivation and the elimination of xenobiotics, have been involved in the toxicological p…

094 Transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (TEM) lors de la fibrose pleurale induite par Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-1

Role of oxidoreductase enzymes in olfactory perireceptor events

L'expression protéique dans les glandes salivaires est impactée par un régime maternel de type Western-Diet chez le rat

Methodologie, recherche et revue; L'expression protéique dans les glandes salivaires est impactée par un régime maternel de type Western-Diet chez le rat. Journées francophones de nutrition (JFN)

Role of human metabolizing enzymes in food perception

Flavor is the main factor determining food acceptability. Flavor corresponds to the combination of the signals from the gustatory system, the olfactory system and the trigeminal system. Interactions between proteins and flavor molecules in oral/nasal cavities are proposed to modulate flavor perception through a series of events knowns as perireceptor events. Among these proteins involved in this modulation are found enzymes mainly known for their role in the detoxification process. These enzymes are able to recognize a large panel of molecules. We proposed to explore the role of these enzymes in food perception. We demonstrated that enzymatic activities present in the oral epithelium and sa…

Perturbateurs endocriniens : effet sur les préférences gustatives et l'obésité

International audience; Plusieurs études relient l’évolution de l’incidence de l’obésité à une évolution sociétale: l’accès des femmes au travail, les facilités de transport et l’essor de l’industrie agroalimentaire ont généré une "transition nutritionnelle" où le repas mijoté à base de produits frais a fait place au repas vite-prêt et fast-foods. La surconsommation de graisses et sucres et la moindre consommation de fruits et légumes sont bien souvent incriminés. Toutefois, l’usage concomitant de produits chimiques dans la production agricole et la confection de produits raffinés et/ou transformés, pourrait être un facteur aggravant, le taux d’obésité pouvant atteindre 50% en régions pollu…

Interactions between odorants and glutathione transferases in the human olfactory cleft

AbstractXenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and other proteins, including odorant-binding proteins located in the nasal epithelium and mucus, participate in a series of processes modulating the concentration of odorants in the environment of olfactory receptors (ORs) and finely impact odor perception. These enzymes and transporters are thought to participate in odorant degradation or transport. Odorant biotransformation results in 1) changes in the odorant quantity up to their clearance and the termination of signaling and 2) the formation of new odorant stimuli (metabolites). Enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione transferases (GSTs), have been proposed to participate in odorant clea…