Fluorimetric determination of amphetamine in urine by flow injection with on-line liquid–liquid extraction

Abstract Determination of amphetamine in urine was performed by batch and flow injection methodologies. The suitable experimental conditions for fluorimetric measurements were established. The liquid–liquid extraction was carried out at pH 13 using diethyl ether as extracting reagent. The measurement conditions were 260 nm and 277 nm for excitation and emission wavelengths, respectively. The method requires standard addition calibration and Youden blank correction. The influence of the main metabolites of amphetamine and metamphetamine were studied. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method was tested and the method is adapted to the flow injection procedure with on-line extraction.