Biogenesis and roles of Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 membrane vesicles

Gram-positive bacteria of the species Lacticaseibacillus casei (formerly known as Lactobacillus casei) are fermentative bacilli found in dairy products that are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial effects against pathogens. Like all living organisms, L. casei produces nanostructures of 20 to 400 nm in diameter bounded by a lipid membrane called membrane vesicles (MVs). MVs have been shown to contain various cellular constituents and exert multiple functions. However, despite the growing interest in Gram-positive MVs over the past 10 years, the mechanisms of biogenesis and the roles played by these vesicles remain poorly characterized. In this context, the objectives …