Shedding Light on the Interactions of Hydrocarbon Ester Substituents upon Formation of Dimeric Titanium(IV) Triscatecholates in DMSO Solution
Abstract The dissociation of hierarchically formed dimeric triple lithium bridged triscatecholate titanium(IV) helicates with hydrocarbyl esters as side groups is systematically investigated in DMSO. Primary alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl as well as benzyl esters are studied in order to minimize steric effects close to the helicate core. The 1H NMR dimerization constants for the monomer–dimer equilibrium show some solvent dependent influence of the side chains on the dimer stability. In the dimer, the ability of the hydrocarbyl ester groups to aggregate minimizes their contacts with the solvent molecules. Due to this, most solvophobic alkyl groups show the highest dimerization tendency followed by…
A Supramolecular Chiral Auxiliary Approach: “Remote Control ”of Stereochemistry at a Hierarchically Assembled Dimeric Helicate
Dimeric hierarchically-assembled titanium(IV) helicates are in solvent-dependent equilibrium with the corresponding monomers. Statistically formed mixtures of such complexes bearing chiral stereocontrolling ligands and achiral diene-substituted ligands show high diastereoselectivity and reasonable enantioselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction with maleimides if the reaction proceeds with the dimer but not with the monomer. Thus, solvent dependent switching between the monomer and dimer enables on/off switching of the enantioselectivity.
Chasing Weak Forces: Hierarchically Assembled Helicates as a Probe for the Evaluation of the Energetics of Weak Interactions.
London dispersion forces are the weakest interactions between molecules. Because of this, their influence on chemical processes is often low, but can definitely not be ignored, and even becomes important in cases of molecules with large contact surfaces. Hierarchically assembled dinuclear titanium(IV) helicates represent a rare example in which the direct observation of London dispersion forces is possible in solution even in the presence of strong cohesive solvent effects. Hereby, the dispersion forces do not unlimitedly support the formation of the dimeric complexes. Although they have some favorable enthalpic contribution to the dimerization of the monomeric complex units, large flexible…
Expanding the Size of Catecholesters - Modified Ligands for the Hierarchical Assembly of Dinuclear Titanium(IV) Helicates
Five 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives 1 – 5 were used as starting materials to obtain the corresponding methyl and ethyl esters. Those were applied as ligands in the hierarchical self-assembly of lithium-bridged dinuclear titanium(IV) complexes 1a–4a, 1b–3b, and 5b. The equilibria between the mononuclear triscatecholate complexes (monomer) and the dinuclear helicates (dimer) were observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy in [D6]DMSO and [D4]MeOH at room temperature.
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