Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae).

Evolution of C3–C4 intermediate and C4 lineages are resolved in Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae), and a model for structural and biochemical changes for the evolution of the Salsoloid form of C4 is considered.

Inhibitors of inducible NO synthase expression: total synthesis of (S)-curvularin and its ring homologues.

(S)-Curvularin and its 13-, 14-, and 16-membered lactone homologues were synthesized through a uniform strategy in which a Kochi oxidative decarboxylation and ring-closing metathesis reactions constitute the key processes. In the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized compounds in assays using cells stably transfected with a human iNOS promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct, the 14- and 16-membered homologues showed a slightly higher inhibitory effect towards iNOS promoter activity than curvularin itself. However, the larger ring homologues also exhibited higher cytotoxicity, manifest in downregulated eNOS promoter activity. In contrast, the di-O-acetyl and 4-ch…

ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of Inducible NO Synthase Expression: Total Synthesis of (S)-Curvularin (Ia) and Its Ring Homologues.