Interannual to decadal variability of summer sea surface temperature in the Sea of Okhotsk recorded in the shell growth history of Stimpson's hard clams (Mercenaria stimpsoni)
Abstract Sclerochronological and shell stable oxygen isotopic analyses were conducted on live-caught specimens of Stimpson's hard clams, Mercenaria stimpsoni , from the southern Sea of Okhotsk, off northern Hokkaido, Japan. In this region, the main growing season of this species during early ontogeny (below the age of 12 years) lasts from mid-spring to mid-fall at sea surface temperatures (SST) between approximately 10 and 22 °C. Growth cessation begins between late fall and early spring at SST, below approximately 6 °C; however, shell growth was largely limited to the summer season later in life. Counting of annual increments indicated that this species had a relatively long life span of u…
The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer
AbstractThe IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee has collected a new database of 94,708 cases donated from 35 sources in 16 countries around the globe. This has now been analysed by our statistical partners at Cancer Research And Biostatistics and, in close collaboration with the members of the committee proposals have been developed for the T, N, and M categories of the 8th edition of the TNM Classification for lung cancer due to be published late 2016. In this publication we describe the methods used to evaluate the resultant Stage groupings and the proposals put forward for the 8th edition.