<title>Using infrared thermography as a tool to analyze curling and cockling of paper</title>

Paper surface topology analysis with infrared thermography is described. Heat is applied perpendicular to the target. Temperature distribution of the sheet correlates well with the surface height distribution when the sheet is placed on the isothermic plate. Mathematical tools for data analysis and the mechanisms behind the curl and cockles are briefly discussed. Curl in paper and paperboard is defined as deviation from the flat form.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.