An investigation into the sustainable lithium battery pack design

The global demand for electricity is rising due to the increased electrification of multiple sectors. Whereof electrical vehicles are becoming increasingly popular. In addition, the European Parliament issued a ban on emission vehicles by 2035. Lithium-ion batteries have become one of the main energy storage solutions in modern society. Where the production and use is expected to continuously increase in the near future. However, the handling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries must be addressed considering that a massive number of lithium batteries that are not refurbished for second life systems will retire and enter the waste stream at the same rate just at a delay of 8-15 years. Furthe…