An inflammatory model of dry eye syndrome using scopolamine

International audience

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Time Course of Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Scopolamine–Induced Dry Eye Rat Model

International audience; Purpose: : Dry eye syndrome is due to tear secretion deficiency or excessive tear evaporation leading to tear film instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of inflammation and apoptosis in a scopolamine–induced dry eye rat model. Methods: : Osmotic pumps continuously delivering scopolamine (12.5mg/d) were implanted subcutaneously in female Lewis rats for 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17 and 28 days. During the treatment, the corneal status was assessed by fluorescein impregnation and tears were collected for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) immunoassay. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and the ocular tissues and the lacrimal glands w…

Are taste preferences related to submandibular endocrine or exocrine secretions? A rodent study

National audience

Dietary prevention of visual function and cognitive decline by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Senescence Accelerated Mouse P8 (SAM P8)

International audience; Purpose: : Neuronal tissues such as the brain and the retina contain elevated amounts of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA concentrations are known to decrease in the aging brain and are associated with cognitive decline. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAM P8) is a mouse model for aging that exhibits deficits in cognitive performances as well as alterations of retinal functionality (ARVO 2004 E-abstract 797). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplementation with DHA on mood, cognition and visual functionality of SAM P8 during aging. Methods: : SAM P8 mice we…

CIME: An integrative and multidisciplinary PNR-PE project on Chronic Impact of ED Mixture Exposure at environmental low doses on Reproduction, Development and Behavior

CIME: An integrative and multidisciplinary PNR-PE project on Chronic Impact of ED Mixture Exposure at environmental low doses on Reproduction, Development and Behavior. Colloque PNR-PE

Oral homeostasis disruption by medical plasticizer component bisphenol A in adult male rats.

Objectives/Hypothesis Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen-like chemical mimetic widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins found in numerous consumer products including food packaging, medical devices, and dental sealants. Because it is recovered in fluids and it can reach high levels in saliva, this study aimed to evaluate its safety on oral homeostasis by examining its effects on salivary glands, mouth epithelium, water consumption, and salt preference, each parameter being estrogen sensitive. Study Design Randomized controlled trial involving rats. Methods A dose-response study was conducted in adult Wistar rats randomized into five groups (n = 12). B…

Bisphenol A from drinking water affects taste preferences and oral homeostasis in male rat

National audience

An integrative and multidisciplinary PNR-PE project for studying Chronic Impact of ED Mixture Exposures at environmental low doses on reproduction, development and behavior.

National audience

Effect of intravitreal injection of Indocyanine Green, Triamcinolone Acetonide and Trypan Blue on the electroretinographic response of rats

International audience; Purpose:: Indocyanine Green (ICG) and Tripan Blue (TB) are commonly used in macular surgery by making easier the internal limiting membrane (ILM) removing. However, the innocuousness of these dyes is not actually established notably for ICG. Then, several authors proposed the use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as an alternative to the use of intraoperative dyes for visualizing the ILM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of ICG, TB and TA on the rat electroretinogram (ERG). Methods:: Three groups of 12-week-old Sprague Dawley rats (n=6) received intravitreal injection in one eye of 0.1mL of either ICG 0.5mg/mL, TB 3mg/mL o…

In vivo consequences of cholesterol-24s-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the rat retina

Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol in neurons and participates in cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system, including the retina. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of CYP46A1 inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the retina. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of voriconazole (60mg/kg), minocycline (22mg/kg), voriconazole plus minocycline, or vehicle during five consecutive days. The rats were submitted to electroretinography to monitor retinal functionality. Cholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol were measured in plasma, brain and retina by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. T…

Tran generational effects of xeno-hormones mixtures on development and behaviour in rats

International audience

Time course of IOP elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell loss in a rat model of glaucoma induced by laser

International audience; Purpose: To evaluate the time course of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in a rat model of glaucoma induced by photocoagulation of the trabeculum and the episcleral and limbal veins. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used at 6 weeks of age. At least 3 of the episcleral veins, the trabeculum and the limbal veins were photocoagulated with a laser at 532nm (Quantel Medical, Vitra) in one eye of the animals. IOP and electroretinogram (ERG) were monitored every 2 weeks during 11 weeks after photocoagulation. Three months after laser photocoagulation, the RGC population was identified with a 5% Flu…

Effects of oral Bisphenol A exposure on sweet preference and on submandibular salivary gland structure in male adult rat

La Revue de Gériatrie; Objectifs: Le Bisphénol A (BPA) est un œstrogéno-mimétique qui entre dans la fabrication de plastiques en polycarbonate et de résines époxy destinés entre autres à l'élaboration d'emballages alimentaires, de matériel médical et d'amalgames dentaires. Pouvant atteindre des taux élevés dans la salive, l'objectif de cette étude était de vérifier l'innocuité du BPA au niveau buccal en recherchant les effets sur les préférences gustatives et sur les glandes saliuaires, deux paramètres sensibles aux œstrogènes. Matériels et Méthodes: Une étude effet-dose a été réalisée sur des rats Wistar adultes répartis en 5 groupes (n=12). Le Bisphénol A a été administré pendant 6 semain…

Dietary ω3 fatty acids & metabolic syndrome in the rat: consequences on sensitivity and retinal functionality

International audience; Purpose: High fructose diets have been widely used to trigger metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rodents. Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes leading in 30 to 40% of the cases to the development of diabetic retinopathy in humans. In the other hand, ω3 fatty acids have been associated with the prevention of MetS. Few studies have been interested in the early changes occurring in the retina after induction of MetS and to potential of ω3 fatty acids to reverse those effects. Methods: 96 male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed for 3 and 8 days with either of the four following diets (n=8 in each group): a regular chow diet …

Lipid composition of lacrimal glands in rats: comparison with human lacrimal glands and possible nutritional modulation

International audience; Purpose:: Prostaglandins (PGs) have been found in tears of patients with ocular surface disorders, and are powerful markers of inflammation. The lacrimal gland has been reported to synthesize PGs. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in phospholipids are the precursors of pro- and anti-inflammatory PGs. The aim of this study was to compare the phospholipid content of the lacrimal gland in human and in different rat species. Moreover the changes in fatty acids of the lacrimal glands of Lewis rats were studied after a nutritional intervention. Methods:: Lacrimal glands were excised from Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats (3 month-old) and from Humans 3 to 36 hours…

Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging of the Retina in the ApoB100,LDLR-/- Mouse, a Murine Model of Aging of the Human Retina

Anti-inflammatory effects of GLA and EPA on a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model

International audience; Purpose:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of dietary γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model. Methods:: Female Lewis rats were fed with 5%-lipid diets containing 10% of either GLA or EPA. After two months of feeding, we induced dry eye syndrome using scopolamine continuously delivered via osmotic pumps for 2, 10 and 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, we performed fluorescein staining on the cornea. We sacrificed the animals and excised the ocular tissues and the exorbital lacrimal glands. We immunostained MHCII and mucin MUC5AC on ocular sphere cryosectio…

Peripheral olfactory function in rats after chemotherapeutic treatment with the anticancer drug docetaxel

International audience; Clinical studies have documented that chemotherapeutic cancer treatment in humans is often associated with weight loss and decreased enjoyment of food. Beside taste, olfaction plays a role in the food intake regulation. We assessed whether hemotherapeutic cancer treatment compromises olfactory function in rats treated with docetaxel (Taxotere, TAX), an antineoplastic drug which disrupts the structures necessary for cell survival and division. Electroolfactogram responses (EOG) can indicate morpho-pathological changes in olfactory epithelium. Male rats received either a single, two or three intravenous injections (one per week) of an estimated 10% lethal dose (LD10) o…

Ether-Lipids Are Involved in Retinal Vegf Expression and in Postnatal Hyaloid Vessel Regression

Purpose:Ether-lipids are phospholipids that represent about 13% of retinal lipids and whose exact functions remain unknown. However, the preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the sn-2 position of ether-lipids and their liberation by an ether-lipid-specific phospholipase A2 suggest their involvement in cell signaling processes. Based on the data showing the persistence of the hyaloid vasculature in ether-lipid-deficient mice (DAPAT-/- mice, Rodemer et al Hum Mol Genet 2003), we further investigated the molecular mechanisms by which ether-lipids may regulate hyaloid vessels regression during post-natal development. Methods:C57BL/6 mice were treated at birth eit…

Effets d’une exposition orale en Bisphenol A sur la préférence au salé et la structure de la glande sous-mandibulaire chez le rat mâle adulte

Effets d’une exposition orale en Bisphenol A sur la préférence au salé et la structure de la glande sous-mandibulaire chez le rat mâle adulte. Colloque PNR-PE

A multi-generational study on low-dose BPA exposure in Wistar rats: Effects on maternal behavior, flavor intake and development

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor found as an environmental and food contaminant. It exerts both developmental and behavioral effects, mainly when exposure occurs in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the multi-generational effects of chronic, human-relevant low-dose exposure to BPA on development, maternal behavior and flavor preference in Wistar rats. BPA was orally administered at a daily dose of 5 mu g/kg body weight to FO pregnant dams from the first day of gestation (GD 1) until the last day of lactation (LD 21), and then to Fl offspring from weaning (PND 21) to adulthood (PND 100). F2 offspring were not exposed. Development and clinical signs of toxici…

Effects of BPA and Endocrine Disruptor Mixtures on development and taste preferences in the non-exposed F2 offspring Wistar rats. CIME project

Effects of BPA and Endocrine Disruptor Mixtures on development and taste preferences in the non-exposed F2 offspring Wistar rats. CIME project. Colloque PNR-PE

Evaluation of an experimental model of dry eye in the rat

International audience

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications. International society for the study of fatty acids and lipids

Maternal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids increase n-3 fatty acids in brain glial cells and retina in the rat and improve rod sensitivity

International audience; Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) given to female rats during gestation and lactation on the incorporation of n-3 PUFA in the retina and brain glial cells of the newborn rat, and to evaluate the consequences on the electroretinographic (ERG) response. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed during gestation and lactation with a 20%-lipid rich diet containing 0.75% of EPA and 0.55% of DHA. The fatty acid profile was analyzed in the eyeball and in brain glial cells of the litters sacrificed at birth. The retina and brain glial cell phospholipids were similarly analyzed in 14 day-old rats and in the mothers. Standard…

Effect of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on IOP elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell loss in a laser-induced rat model of glaucoma

International audience; Purpose:To test the efficacy of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in a rat model of glaucoma induced by laser photocoagulation.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 3 months with a diet containing either: 1) 17% of omega-3 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA), 2) 10% of omega-6 fatty acids (as GLA), or 3) a combination of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA + 10% GLA), by comparison with a control group of animals fed with a standard diet deprived of EPA, DHA and GLA (n=10 in each group). After 3 months of diet, glaucoma was induced in one eye of each animal by laser photocoagulation (532nm) of the episcleral veins, the trabeculum and the l…

Steady-state levels of retinal 24S-hydroxycholesterol are maintained by glial cells intervention after elevation of intraocular pressure in the rat

Purpose: Our previous studies suggested that CYP46A1 and 24S-hydroxycholesterol. (24SOH) may be associated with glaucoma. Loss of CYP46A1-expressing retinal. ganglion cells is involved in the activation of glia, and therefore possibly in the. disbalance of cholesterol. In this context, the purpose of our present work was to. emphasize the glial and longitudinal CYP46A1 expression after an interventional. glaucoma-related stress triggered by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were submitted to laser photocoagulation of the. trabecular meshwork, limbus and episcleral veins in one eye to induce elevated IOP. Rats were euthanized at days 3, 14, 30 and 60 (n = 10 p…

Are taste preferences related to submandibular endocrine or exocrine secretions? A rodent study

National audience