Frequency locking of a breather fibre laser, fairy tree and devil's staircase

Breathing solitons exhibiting periodic oscillatory behaviour form an important part of many different classes of nonlinear wave systems. Recently, thanks to the development of real-time detection techniques, they have also emerged as a ubiquitous mode-locked regime of ultrafast fibre lasers [1,2]. The excitation of breather oscillations in a laser naturally triggers a second characteristic frequency in the system, which therefore shows competition between the cavity repetition frequency and the breathing frequency. The theoretical model describing nonlinear systems with two competing frequencies predicts frequency locking, in which the system locks into a resonant periodic response featurin…

Farey-Fraction Frequency Locking of a Breather Ultrafast Fibre Laser

Farey Tree and Devil's Staircase of a Breather Mode-Locked Fibre Laser

Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Abstract Objective Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-sp…

Auto-setting breather mode-locked fibre laser

International audience

Breather Dynamics in Ultrafast Fibre Lasers and Their Intelligent Control

We review our recent work on the dynamics of breathing solitons in fibre lasers, including single breathers, breather molecular complexes, breather explosions and breather frequency locking at Farey fractions, and their control by genetic algorithms.

Farey Tree and Devil’s Staircase of a Breather Mode-Locked Fibre Laser

We demonstrate frequency locking at Farey fractions of breathing solitons in an ultrafast fibre laser. The ratios of the breathing frequency to the cavity-repetition frequency display the devil staircase’s structure with a 0.906 fractal dimension.

Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

BACKGROUND: Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia. METHODS: Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for …