Influence of the FanLeaf Virus on the grapevine holobiont : a study from the soil to the leaves

The grapevine FanLeaf (FL) corresponds to an infectious decline (nepovirus) which appears in patches within the plots. This disease leads to a progressive degeneration of grapevine plants which ultimately leads to the death. At present, about 60% of the French vineyard would be affected, of which 30% in an important way. Sixteen nepoviruses are responsible for grapevine degeneration or decline. Nevertheless, the Grapevine FanLeaf Virus (GFLV) is the main responsible agent. It is specifically transmitted from plant to plant by a soil-borne ectoparasitic nematode, Xiphinema index. The nematodes, by successively biting two neighboring plants whose roots are close, inoculate the virus from the …