0000000001019954
AUTHOR
Sung Yoon Cho
PRRT2 gene variant in a child with dysmorphic features, congenital microcephaly, and severe epileptic seizures: genotype-phenotype correlation?
Abstract Background Mutations in Proline-rich Transmembrane Protein 2 (PRRT2) have been primarily associated with individuals presenting with infantile epilepsy, including benign familial infantile epilepsy, benign infantile epilepsy, and benign myoclonus of early infancy, and/or with dyskinetic paroxysms such as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, and exercise-induced dyskinesia. However, the clinical manifestations of this disorder vary widely. PRRT2 encodes a protein expressed in the central nervous system that is mainly localized in the pre-synaptic neurons and is involved in the modulation of synaptic neurotransmitter release. The anomalous functio…
Additional file 1 of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: neurological comorbidities and intrafamilial variability
Additional file 1: S1. AHC diagnostic and laboratory test. Routine laboratory examination, plasma amino acids, urine organic acids, blood lactate, pyruvate, urea, ammonia, thyroid functions, arterial blood gases (ABG), EEG, Video-EEG, MRI and MRI angiography are effective to exclude metabolic disorders and vascular diseases having the same pattern of features such as homocystinuria, organic acidurias (glutaric aciduria), urea cycle disorders (ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency, and citrullinemia) and Moyamoya disease. Diagnostic check-up may also include analysis of pterins, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and monoamine metabolites in the ce…
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: neurological comorbidities and intrafamilial variability.
Abstract Background Alternating of Childhood (AHC) is an uncommon and complex disorder characterized by age of onset before 18 months with recurrent hemiplegia of one or either sides of the body or quadriplegia. The disorder is mainly caused by mutations in ATP1A3 gene, and to a lesser extent in ATP1A2 gene. In AHC neurological co-morbidities are various and frequently reported including developmental delay, epilepsy, tonic or dystonic spells, nystagmus,autonomic manifestations with intrafamilial variability. Case presentation Clinical and genetic findings of a couple of twins (Family 1: Case 1 and Case 2) and a couple of siblings (Family 2: Case 3 and Case 4) coming from two different Ital…