In-Stent Restenosis: Definition, Entity of the Problem, Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Options

In-stent restenosis (ISR) still represents a frequent limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention despite the introduction of latest-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), drastically lowering the overall incidence of ISR. Thus, the treatment of DES ISR remains a real brainteaser for interventional cardiologists.