Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against pathogens

Prod 2019-213c BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience

Key Note speaker Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against biotic stresses

Prod 2019-88l BAP GEAPSI INRA DOCT; National audience; Major diseases and pests, such as root rots, ascochyta blights and aphids, are limiting factors to cool season pulse production in many countries worldwide, especially in Europe. In the context of pesticide reduction, plant genetic resistance and architecture are main traits that can be mobilised in breeding for disease and pest management. Knowledge of quantitative resistance to major diseases and pests of pea and faba bean in France has benefited from the development of sequenced genomes and massive SNP markers [1], which have recently been highly valuable to identify candidate genes controlling resistance. Fine mapping and sequencing…

Plant-phenotypic changes induced by parasitoid ichnoviruses enhance the performance of both unparasitized and parasitized caterpillars

Early Access; International audience; There is increasing awareness that interactions between plants and insects can be mediated by microbial symbionts. Nonetheless, evidence showing that symbionts associated with organisms beyond the second trophic level affect plant-insect interactions are restricted to a few cases belonging to parasitoid-associated bracoviruses. Insect parasitoids harbor a wide array of symbionts which, like bracoviruses, can be injected into their herbivorous hosts to manipulate their physiology and behavior. Yet, the function of these symbionts in plant-based trophic webs remains largely overlooked. Here we provide the first evidence of a parasitoid-associated symbiont…

Additional file 1 of The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Additional file 1: Figures. S1-S22, Table S1-S20, Methods and Results. Figure S1. Mitochondrial genome view of grape phylloxera. Figure S2. Proportion of transposable elements (TE) in the genome. Figure S3. GO terms of phylloxera-specific genes. Figure S4. Enriched GO terms in the phylloxera genome with and without TEs. Figure S5. Gene gain/loss at different nodes or branches. Figure S6. Species phylogenetic tree based on insect genomes and the transcriptomes of Planoccoccus citri and Adelges tsugae. Figure S7. Diagram of the gap-filling and annotation process. Figure S8. Urea cycle in D. vitifoliae and A. pisum. Figure S9. IMD immune pathway in D. vitifoliae.Figure S10. Phylogenetic tree o…

First extensive characterization of the venom gland from an egg parasitoid: structure, transcriptome and functional role.

The venom gland is a ubiquitous organ in Hymenoptera. In insect parasitoids, the venom gland has been shown to have multiple functions including regulation of host immune response, host paralysis, host castration and developmental alteration. However, the role played by the venom gland has been mainly studied in parasitoids developing in larval or pupal hosts while little is known for parasitoids developing in insect eggs. We conducted the first extensive characterization of the venom of the endoparasitoid Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev), a species that develops in eggs of the stink bug Nezara viridula (L.). In particular we investigated the structure of the venom apparatus, its functio…

The antennal transcriptome of a moth

International audience

Additional file 1 of The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Additional file 1: Figures. S1-S22, Table S1-S20, Methods and Results. Figure S1. Mitochondrial genome view of grape phylloxera. Figure S2. Proportion of transposable elements (TE) in the genome. Figure S3. GO terms of phylloxera-specific genes. Figure S4. Enriched GO terms in the phylloxera genome with and without TEs. Figure S5. Gene gain/loss at different nodes or branches. Figure S6. Species phylogenetic tree based on insect genomes and the transcriptomes of Planoccoccus citri and Adelges tsugae. Figure S7. Diagram of the gap-filling and annotation process. Figure S8. Urea cycle in D. vitifoliae and A. pisum. Figure S9. IMD immune pathway in D. vitifoliae.Figure S10. Phylogenetic tree o…

The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest

Background: Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Results: Using a combination of…

Aphids are the leading pests in agricultural crops. A large-scale sequencing of 40,904 ESTs from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was carried out to define a catalog of 12,082 unique transcripts. A strong AT bias was found, indicating a compositional shift between Drosophila melanogaster and A. pisum. An in silico profiling analysis characterized 135 transcripts specific to pea-aphid tissues (relating to bacteriocytes and parthenogenetic embryos). This project is the first to address the genetics of the Hemiptera and of a hemimetabolous insect.

Two genomes of highly polyphagous lepidopteran pests (Spodoptera frugiperda, Noctuidae) with different host-plant ranges

International audience; Emergence of polyphagous herbivorous insects entails significant adaptation to recognize, detoxify and digest a variety of host-plants. Despite of its biological and practical importance - since insects eat 20% of crops - no exhaustive analysis of gene repertoires required for adaptations in generalist insect herbivores has previously been performed. The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda ranks as one of the world’s worst agricultural pests. This insect is polyphagous while the majority of other lepidopteran herbivores are specialist. It consists of two morphologically indistinguishable strains (“C” and “R”) that have different host plant ranges. To describe the evol…