Systematic review: the presenting international normalised ratio (INR) as a predictor of outcome in patients with upper nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1010–1018 Summary Background  The prognostic value of an elevated international normalised ratio (INR) as part of initial risk stratification in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) remains poorly characterised. Aim  To assess the usefulness of the initial INR in patients with NVUGIB. Method  After a systematic review, we included the presenting INR and other validated prognosticators in multivariable models predicting rebleeding and mortality. Data are reported as odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results  Only two of 769 candidate studies were useful, but reported disparate, highly selected NVUGIB patients with varying threshold init…