0000000001141901
AUTHOR
Jérémie Beguet
Array of microbial indicators, a promise for a better monitoring of pesticide effects on stream biological quality
Visioconférence; National audience; Freshwater contamination by pesticide residues is a major and growing threat to aquatic communities, ecosystem functioning and ultimately human health worldwide. Typical pesticide contamination in agricultural landscapes is characterized by a cocktail of a large number of active compounds and their main transformation products, each of them found at very low and temporally fluctuating concentrations. This makes the quantification of pesticide residues in streams highly challenging and costly by means of grab chemical sampling. Accordingly, it makes also difficult to characterize the chronic exposure of aquatic communities in pesticide-contaminated streams…
Gene of non-target microorganisms : a new tool to monitor the exposure of soil microbial communities to b-triketone herbicides ?
International audience; β-triketone herbicides are among the most used herbicides in corn crop. These herbicides inhibit the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD), lead to bleaching and prevent the growth of broadleaf weeds. This enzyme is not only found in plants but in all living organisms, including microorganisms where it plays a role in the tyrosine degradation pathway. Thus, microorganisms classified as “non-target organisms” by current EU regulation for pesticide authorization, might be impacted by β-triketones, with consequences on microbial function supporting soil ecosystem services. Since microorganisms have been proposed by EFSA as key-drivers to protect soil ecosystem se…
A lab-to-field approach to monitor the exposure of soil microbial communities to β-triketone herbicides
International audience; β-triketone herbicides are among the most used herbicides in corn crop. These herbicides inhibit the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD), lead to bleaching and prevent the growth of broadleaf weeds. This enzyme is not only found in plants but in all living organisms, including microorganisms where it plays a role in the tyrosine degradation pathway. Thus, microorganisms classified as “non-target organisms” by current EU regulation for pesticide authorization, might be impacted by β-triketones, with consequences on microbial function supporting soil ecosystem services. Since microorganisms have been proposed by EFSA as key-drivers to protect soil ecosystem se…
Bacterial hppd: a biomarker of exposure of soils to beta-triketone herbicides?
National audience; β-triketone herbicides are among the most used herbicides in corn crop to control broadleaf weeds.These herbicides inhibit the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD) and lead to bleaching anddeath of weeds. This enzyme is not only found in plants but in all living organisms, includingmicroorganisms where it takes part to the tyrosine degradation pathway. Thus, microorganismsclassified as “non-target organisms” by current EU regulation for pesticide authorization, might beimpacted by β-triketones, with possible domino effect on microbial functions supporting soilecosystem services (Thiour-Mauprivez et al. 2019). Since microorganisms have been proposed by EFSAas key-d…
Quantification of metal-resistant genes from the microbial community of uranium mine soils
Background: Bacteria can thrive in environments presenting unique, extreme and/or stressful conditions, partly due to the diverse resistome they evolved as a result of physiological, metabolic and genetic adaptations. In this context, the microbial communities in soils from abandoned uranium mines may have peculiar genetic profiles that sustain valuable metal-resistance mechanisms. Getting further knowledge on the genetic potential of these microbial communities can be a contribute for developing bioremediation strategies towards the reclamation of highly contaminated uranium mine soils. Objectives: To quantify metal-resistance genes harboured by the microbial community of soil samples coll…