Protéomique Shotgun des graines de féveroles : vers l’identification de protéines associées à la résistance aux bruches

Le protéome des graines en développement de lignées recombinantes issues du croisement entre desgénotypes de féverole résistants et sensibles aux bruches a été étudié par l’approche shotgun. Cetravail a permis d’identifier 749 protéines au début du remplissage des graines, dont 80 sontdifférentiellement accumulées entre les lignées sensibles et résistantes aux bruches. En plus de fournirun premier aperçu des protéines présentes à ce stade clé du développement des graines chez laféverole, ces données ont fait émerger des protéines candidates pour améliorer la résistance desgraines aux bruches. Parmi les protéines préférentiellement accumulée dans les lignées résistantes estune glycoprotéine …

A holistic overview of the impact of sulfur deficiency in pea facing water deficit

We report on the interplay between water deficit and sulfur deficiency, two constraints that are increasingly faced by crops due to climate change and low-input agricultural practices. In particular, we aim at better understanding the role of sulfur nutrition in the trade-off between seed quality establishment and plant stress tolerance in pea (Pisum sativum L.), a grain legume crop which has a pivotal role to play in both agroecological and food transitions. Like other legumes, pea is able to accumulate large amounts of seed proteins even in the absence of nitrogen fertilizers thanks to its symbiosis with N2-fixing soil bacteria. In this study, we deprived pea plants (cv. Caméor) of sulfur…

Quel impact de la génomique végétale sur l’innovation variétale : l’exemple du projet PeaMUST. Le génome du pois: vers de nouvelles strategies de sélection.

International audience; L’avancée des technologies « nouvelle génération » de séquençage de l’ADN permettent une connaissance de plus en plus poussée des génomes et de leur expression. Ces connaissances permettent d’approcher plus finement les déterminants moléculaires des traits phénotypiques et ouvrent des perspectives d’augmentation du progrès génétique dans le cadre de la sélection variétale. Le pois est une espèce modèle depuis les travaux de G. Mendel conduisant à la découverte des lois de l’hérédité. La séquence du génome de cette espèce longtemps délaissée des approches de génomique a récemment été obtenue par un consortium international piloté par l’INRAE (1,2). Dans le cadre du pr…

High-density genotyping of pea and faba bean diversity panels using exome capture

International audience; Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a powerful tool to decipher the geneticdeterminism of complex traits in crop plants and to identify responsible genes. As GWAS require large diversitypanels segregating for the traits of interest, one faba bean and three pea collections were constituted toaddress different questions in the PeaMUST project. The faba bean panel comprises 248 accessions comingfrom five continents and displaying the phenotypic diversity of the species. The first pea collection includes239 accessions that represent the species diversity for aerial and root architecture and for biotic and abioticstress responses. The second and third pea pan…

A workflow to assemble plant mitochondrial genomes using long-reads: case study in Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris

Plant mitochondrial genomes are generally not used to study evolution within and between species. They are larger than animal mitochondrial genomes and evolve by accumulating rearrangements rather than mutations [1]. These characteristics make it difficult to obtain complete assemblies using short-reads like in mammals. To address this problem, we developed and tested a plant-based assembly workflow using Nanopore and Pacbio long-reads from Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris, respectively. Nanopore long-reads from Pisum sativum whole genome sequencing and Pacbio long-reads from Phaseolus vulgaris whole genome sequencing were mapped on all mitochondrial genomes available for legumes at NCB…

Do pea nodulated roots have a memory like a sieve or like an elephant when faced with recurrent water deficits ?

National audience; In the current context of climate change, periods of water deficit occur more frequentlyalong the crop cycle, leading to high yield losses. To limit the negative impact of recurrentwater deficits, plants can adapt, via the mobilization of “stress memory”, allowing them torespond to a subsequent stress in a faster and/or more intensive manner. After a first stressevent, plants can keep an imprint of this stress via the induction of epigenetic (e.g. memorygene regulation), physiological (e.g. stomatal closure) and molecular (e.g. compoundaccumulation) changes. When maintained between two stress periods, these changes mayprepare plants for a subsequent water deficit.This wor…

Beyond the sequencing of the pea genome: opportunities for genomics-based breeding and translational approaches

International audience; The tribe Fabeae comprises more than 300 legume species, including some of the most ancient and important crops like Pisum sativum (pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), and Vicia faba (faba bean) used for food and feed. The genome sequence of pea, released in 2019, is an important milestone for the community working on legumes and especially on Fabeae. It brings into light evidences related to the genome expansion that occurred after the divergence of Fabeae from their sister tribes and highlights different chromosomal rearrangement events specific or not to the Pisum lineage. The pea genome sequence also represents a valuable resource to accelerate our understanding of th…

How Bioinformatics analysis can drive experiments, a story of Pisum Sativum's origin

Des potentiels régulateurs des réponses au stress hydrique et à la carence en soufre identifiés grâce à une analyse multi-omiques chez le pois

Dans leur environnement naturel, les plantes doivent faire face à plusieurs stress biotiqueset abiotiques au cours de leur cycle de développement. Certains de ces stress peuventsurvenir au même moment – comme le stress hydrique et les carences nutritionnelles – etpeuvent avoir des effets synergiques, antagonistes ou additifs sur les réponses moléculairesdes plantes. Chez le pois (Pisum sativum), il a été observé que l’effet de la carence en soufre(S) sur la composition protéique des graines peut être atténué lorsque cette carence estcombinée à un stress hydrique (Henriet et al., 2019). Afin de mieux caractériser les réponsesmoléculaires du pois au stress hydrique et/ou à la carence en S, un…

The pan-transcriptome of Vicia faba

Vicia faba (faba bean) is a nitrogen-fixing protein crop that, in contrast to soya bean, yields well in temperate climates. It is diploid but has a very large genome of ~13 Gb, and genomic resources are currently limited. To provide a high-quality reference gene set and expression atlas, we have carried out RNA-seq of multiple tissues from five faba bean accessions. For each tissue, an assembly was produced using the Trinity software package using both Illumina and PacBio reads. For each accession, the assemblies were then merged to create a more complete reference gene set. The assemblies were of high quality, with more than 95% complete BUSCOs [1] and read mapping rates of ~90%. The assem…

Pea in the genomic era

Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against pathogens

Prod 2019-213c BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience

Time-series RNA-seq analysis of pea seeds during development under control and drought conditions

National audience; Pea (Pisum sativum) produces seeds rich in proteins. However, protein content and seed quality can be impacted by environmental factors including drought. Accumulation of seed storage proteins (SSP) during seed filling is a highly regulated process. While proteomics of SSP deposition in pea seeds is well documented, knowledge of the underlying regulatory gene networks, either in control or stress conditions, is lacking. In this study, a RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis of seed development in control and water stress condition was carried out. Developing seeds were collected at six time points, from late embryogenesis to early maturation. RNA-seq was performed on an Il…

Key Note speaker Plant resistance and architecture for protection of pulses against biotic stresses

Prod 2019-88l BAP GEAPSI INRA DOCT; National audience; Major diseases and pests, such as root rots, ascochyta blights and aphids, are limiting factors to cool season pulse production in many countries worldwide, especially in Europe. In the context of pesticide reduction, plant genetic resistance and architecture are main traits that can be mobilised in breeding for disease and pest management. Knowledge of quantitative resistance to major diseases and pests of pea and faba bean in France has benefited from the development of sequenced genomes and massive SNP markers [1], which have recently been highly valuable to identify candidate genes controlling resistance. Fine mapping and sequencing…

The Pea genome and after...

The pea genome... Now and After

Having a genome sequence available is a critical step towards unravelling functional diversity and establishing genome-enabled breeding. The recently generated pea genome sequence represents a great tool for genomicists, geneticists and breeders not only for the pea community but also for legume research. In the genome project, re-sequencing data revealed the considerable diversity present in the Pisum genus. In the PeaMUST and GRASP project, an unprecedented effort was made to genotype large pea collections using the exome capture technology. This high density SNP data was exploited in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on a large number of traits related to yield, symbiose, as well as…

The Pea genome and after …

Having a genome sequence available is a critical step towards unravelling functional diversity andestablishing genome-enabled breeding. The recently generated pea genome sequence represents a great toolfor genomicists, geneticists and breeders not only for the pea community but also for legume research. In thegenome project, re-sequencing data revealed the considerable diversity present in the Pisum genus. In thePeaMUST project, an unprecedented effort was made to genotype large pea collections using the exomecapture technology. This high-density SNP data was exploited in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) ona large number of traits related to yield, as well as response to biotic and ab…

Beyond Pisum sativum genome : a first overview of fabeae tribe using orthology

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the second most important grain legume in the world after common bean and Gregor Mendel’s original genetic model. With a genome size of 4.3Gb and a large amount of transposable element, Pisum sativum was lagging behind other important legume crops for genomics development. We reported the first annotated chromosome-level reference genome assembly for pea (J. Kreplak et al 2019). Compared to other sequenced Leguminosae genomes, the pea genome shows intense gene dynamics, most likely associated with genome size expansion when the Fabeae diverged from it’s sister tribes. Other species like Vicia faba, with genome larger than pea, are still not sequenced and the sequen…

Multi-omics network analysis identifies putative regulators of molecular responses to water stress and sulfur deficiency in Pisum sativum

Plants in their physical environment face multiple biotic and abiotic stresses duringtheir life cycle. In nature, environmental stresses often co-occur – such as water deficit andnutrient deficiencies – and can have synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects on the plantmolecular responses. In pea (Pisum sativum), combination of water stress (WS) and sulfur (S)deficiency showed a mitigation effect on the seed protein composition, as compared to Sdeficiency occurring alone (Henriet et al., 2019). To better understand how pea responds toWS and/or S deficiency, a multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics)analysis has been performed from leaf samples collected during a…

Pea Genomics : What Else ?

BAP GEAPSIBAPGEAPSI; Legume use in arable rotations provides several significant ecological services that can help to meet the challenge of delivering high quality food in an environmentally sustainable manner. Among legumes, pea has long been a model species for geneticists. But despite its major role in the discovery of the laws of genetics by Mendel, the keys to decipher the impressive phenotypic diversity of the species have been lacking until recently. Under the impetus of large national and international programs, and driven by innovations in informatics and biotechnology, useful genomic resources are now available in pea. High precision mapping of the pea genome, an atlas of the expr…

Towards bruchid resistance in pulses

Prod 2019-88ff BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience; Seed weevils (Bruchus spp.) are major pests of pulses, causing yield losses and affecting marketability 1,2 . Available insecticides have low efficiency and important negative impacts on the environment, humans and non-target organisms. Therefore, breeding resistant varieties represent the most promising strategy to overcome seed weevils. The pyramiding of several resistance genes in cultivars is an important objective because this will make the resistance more durable and suitable for sustainable agriculture. The PeaMUST project (ANR-11-BTBR0002) aims at discovering the mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to bruchids in pea (Pisum sativ…

RésiLens: A research project aiming at identifying bruchid and root rot resistance sources in lentil (Lens culinaris)

National audience; Introducing legumes in modern cropping systems increases crop diversity and reduces the use of external inputs. It thus contributes to achieving sustainable food and feed production. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an environmentally friendly, nutritious, protein-rich legume food crop. It is grown in a wide range of climatic conditions and fixes atmospheric nitrogen through bacterial symbiosis. In France, lentil cultivated areas are continuously increasing but are still largely inferior to the areas cultivated with cereals or other legumes such as pea and faba bean. One of the most serious problems for lentil cultivation is due to the insect pests known as seed beetles …

Does the memory of a first water deficit enable a more efficient response to a subsequent water deficit?

National audience; In the current context of climate change, periods of water deficit occur more frequentlyalong the crop cycle, leading to high yield losses. To limit the negative impact of recurrentwater deficits, plants can adapt, via the mobilization of “stress memory”, allowing them torespond to a subsequent stress in a faster and/or more intensive manner. After a first stressevent, plants can keep an imprint of this stress via the induction of epigenetic (e.g. memorygene regulation), physiological (e.g. stomatal closure) and molecular (e.g. compoundaccumulation) changes. When maintained between two stress periods, these changes mayprepare plants for a subsequent water deficit.This wor…

L'amélioration de la qualité de la graine dans toutes ses dimensions, par le levier génétique

Les légumineuses sont capables d’accumuler des quantités importantes de protéines dans leurs graines même en l’absence d’engrais azoté, ce qui fait d’elles des espèces à haut potentiel pour relever les défis alimentaires et accompagner la transition agroécologique. Des avancées génétiques ont permis de réduire la présence de certains facteurs « anti-nutritionnels » dans les graines de pois et de féverole (exemple des variétés pauvres en tanins, en inhibiteurs trypsiques, ou en vicine et convicine). Afin de promouvoir l’utilisation de ces graines en alimentation humaine, il est nécessaire d’aller plus loin dans l’amélioration de leur valeur nutritionnelle, en termes de teneur et composition …

GRaSP project Genetics of Rhizobia Selection by Pea

Prod 2019-88aa; National audience; Because of their ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis with soil bacteria, legumes such as peas have an important role to play in the development of a sustainable agriculture. However, in the field, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) could be suboptimal as natural Rhizobium leguminosarum viciae (Rlv) populations are quantitatively and qualitatively heterogeneous, with strains varying in their competitiveness and efficiency of BNF [1,2]. There is a general agreement concerning the interest of Rlv inoculation for improving BNF and thus pea yield [3]. However, even when pea seeds are inoculated by efficient Rlv strains these can be outcompeted by indigenous rh…

Bruchid resistance in pulses

Prod 2019-213a BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience

NeoLeg, a graph database for translational research in pulses

Legumes, and especially pulses, are an important source of protein for food and feed, and are appreciated or their positive impact on the “one health”. However their yields are sometimes unstable and their tolerance to some biotic and abiotic stresses highlight the need for varietal improvement to increase the cultivated area and stabilize the production.With the advent of sequencing technologies, a large pool of genetic and genomic resources, heterogeneous at the inter- and intra-species scale, is emerging. Thus, it is now time to capitalize on these scattered heterogeneous data to develop translationnal research and boost breeding projects.To meet this need, we undertook the development o…

Les chercheurs ont réussi à séquencer leur génome : les petits pois vont-ils sauver la planète ?

Publié le jeudi 5 Septembre 2019 - 12:00Scientifiques cités d'après une dépêche AFPdaprès une dépèche AFP.,; National audience; Chaque matin, recevez l'essentiel de l'actualité nationale et internationalePartagezLe décryptage du génome du petit pois, réalisé pour la première fois par huit équipes de chercheurs pilotées par l’Inra, ouvre des perspectives très importantes pour la recherche. Tant pour nourrir la planète que pour lutter contre le réchauffement climatique. On décrypte.Pisum savitum, vous connaissez ? Mais si : c’est une légumineuse plus populaire sous le nom de petit pois. C’est surtout une espèce fétiche pour les généticiens du monde entier, car c’est sur un pois que le père de…

Importance du sulfate vacuolaire pour l’établissement du rendement et de la qualité des graines de pois

Les graines de pois constituent un aliment sain et nourrissant, notamment de par leur forte teneur en protéines (environ 25%). La qualité nutritionnelle de ces protéines est néanmoins limitée par leur faible proportion en acides aminés soufrés (AAS) : cystéine et méthionine. L’objectif était d’étudier la contribution du stock de sulfate contenu dans les vacuoles à l’élaboration du rendement et de la qualité des graines, notamment la synthèse des AAS. Nous avons ciblé l’unique gène SULTR4 de pois qui code un transporteur permettant l’efflux de sulfate de la vacuole vers le cytosol. Après avoir confirmé sa localisation à la membrane vacuolaire, nous avons recherché des mutants de pois pour ce…

Taking cool-season grain legume breeding to the next level: the key role of the pea genome sequence

International audience; The transition from a standalone phenotypic selection to a marker-assisted selection has been seen as a great step forward to improve the breeding process and reach the expected goals. More recently, the genomic revolution has also had its great impact on breeding. -omics are now part of the required toolkit for a successful, cost and time-efficient breeding. The genome sequence of pea (Pisum sativum) has been made available in 2019 through a collaborative international effort. This is a great tool for the pea community in general and the Fabeae community in particular. Current challenges facing pea and other Fabeae production are numerous. A large number of traits h…

Studying the interplay between sulfur nutrition and water stress tolerance in pea by proteomics : a focus on seed development and composition

International audience; Water stress and sulfur-deficiency are two constraints increasingly faced by crops due to climatechange and low-input practices. To investigate their interplay in the grain legume pea (Pisum sativumL.), sulfate was depleted at mid-vegetative stage and a moderate 9-day water stress period was imposedduring the early reproductive phase. The combined stress accelerated seed production, lowering yield,one-seed weight and seed number per plant, but rebalanced seed protein composition. In fact, themoderate water stress mitigated the negative effect of sulfur-deficiency on the accumulation of sulfurrichproteins in seeds, probably due to a lower seed sink strength for nitrog…

The pea sulfate transporter, PsSULTR4, contributes to seed yield and quality

To investigate the role of vacuolar sulfate in seed yield and quality, we have targeted the single pea SULTR4 gene (PsSULTR4), which encodes a transporter homologous to Arabidopsis SULTR4;1 and 4;2 that allow sulfate efflux from the vacuole to the cytosol. By simulating the 3D structure of PsSULTR4, we observed that it is similar to that of SULTR4;1 in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis revealed a high level of conservation of SULTR4 protein motifs across land species. A fluorescent protein fusion experiment confirmed that PsSULTR4 localizes to the vacuolar membrane.Five sultr4 mutants were identified by TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes), two of which showe…

Complementary approaches towards the discovery of genes controlling yield in pea

International audience; Pea is one of the most important grain legumes in the world. Improving pea yield is a critical breedingtarget in the current context of consumers’ increasing demand for plant proteins for food and feed. Becauseof its polygenic nature and the impact of the environment, breeding for higher yield is challenging. Weinvestigated the genetic determinism of yield (SW), seed number (SN) and thousand seed weight (TSW) usingboth linkage and linkage-disequilibrium approaches.Nine interconnected mapping populations, representing a total of 1,213 recombinant inbred lineswere phenotyped for SW, SN and TSW in six different field environments. These lines were genotyped usingthe Gen…

Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of the nodulated pea root system during rewatering

National audience; In pea (Pisum sativum), as in other legumes, nitrogen nutrition relies on two different sources: soil mineral nitrogen supply via roots and and symbiotic atmospheric N2 fixation within root nodules. However symbiotic nitrogen fixation is very sensitive to abiotic stresses, especially drought, which is becoming increasingly frequent in the current context of climate change. Although the ability of a crop to recover after a drought period can determine both its survival and its yield at harvest, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms occurring during recovery. In this work, we aimed at characterizing the kinetics of growth and nitrogen acquisition …

Séquençage du génome du petit pois: les légumineuses vont-elles sauver la planète?

Publié le : Mercredi 04 Septembre 2019 - 17:09scientifiques cités. d’après une dépèche AFP; National audience; Le décryptage du génome du petit pois, réalisé pour la première fois par huit équipes de chercheurs pilotées par l'INRA, ouvre des perspectives très importantes pour la recherche, tant pour nourrir la planète que pour lutter contre le réchauffement climatique.Pisum sativum, une légumineuse plus connue sous le nom de petit pois, est une espèce fétiche pour les généticiens du monde entier, car c'est sur un pois que le père de la génétique moderne, le moine Gregor Mendel, s'était basé pour déterminer les premières lois de l'hérédité en 1866.Pour reconstituer la séquence de son génome,…

Interplay between sulfur nutrition and water stress tolerance in pea : a focus on seed development and composition

International audience; Water stress and sulfur-deficiency are two constraints increasingly faced by crops due to climate change and low-input practices. To investigate their interplay in the grain legume pea (Pisum sativum L.), sulfate was depleted at mid-vegetative stage and a moderate 9-day water stress period was imposed during the early reproductive phase. The combined stress accelerated seed production, lowering yield, one-seed weight and seed number per plant, but rebalanced seed globulin composition. In fact, the moderate water stress mitigated the negative effect of sulfur-deficiency on the accumulation of sulfur-rich globulins in seeds, probably due to a lower seed sink strength f…

How does sulfur deficiency modulate pea response to water stress? Impact on early developing and mature seeds

National audience; Pea (Pisum sativum L.) produces seeds rich in proteins but yield and quality remain unstable across years due to various stresses. Sulfur (S) deficiency and water stress are two abiotic stresses that interact in the current context of climate change and low-input practices, and recent studies suggest an important role for sulfate transport and metabolism in the plant response to water stress. To investigate the interplay between sulfur nutrition and the water stress response, sulfate-deprived pea plants were subjected to a 9-days period of water stress during the early reproductive phase. While water stress did not impact seed yield, sulfur deficiency alone or combined wi…

The pea genome and beyond

International audience; The recently generated pea genome sequence is a significant step for the pea research community towards unravelling functional diversity and establishing genome-enabled breeding. Re-sequencing data reveal the considerable diversity present in the Pisum genus. High-throughput genotyping is now available to explore large collections using the exome capture technology in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or tackle map-based QTL cloning. Furthermore, genomic selection strategies have been developed in order to tackle complex traits such as yield regularity and improve selection efficiency. We will present snapshots of these results and discuss potential transfer of …

Changes in the pea seed proteome in response to drought combined with sulfur deficiency

EABAPGEAPSI DOCT INRA; Pea (Pisum sativum L.) produces seeds rich in proteins, but seed yield and quality remain unstable across years due to abiotic stresses occurring during the reproductive period. Drought and sulfur deficiency are two abiotic stresses that interact in the current context of climate change and lowinput practices, and recent studies suggest a role of sulfate transport and metabolism in the plant response to drought (Ernst et al., 2010; Chan et al., 2013; Gallardo et al., 2014; Ahmad et al., 2016). In this study, we investigated the impact of sulfur deficiency combined with drought on the pea seed proteome. Pea plants were subjected to sulfur-deficiency two weeks after sow…

Dijon invente le pois du futur

National audience

Development of a knowledge graph framework to ease and empower translational approaches in plant research: a use-case on grain legumes

Legumes, and especially pulses, are an important source of protein for food and feed, and are appreciated for their positive impact on the “one health”. However, their unstable yields and their susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses highlight the need for varietal improvement in order to increase the cultivated areas and productivity. With the advent of sequencing technologies, a large pool of genetic and -omics resources, heterogeneous at the inter- and intra-species scale, is emerging. Thus, it is important to capitalize on these scattered heterogeneous data to develop translational research to boost breeding projects and crop diversification. To meet this need, we undertook the de…

Translational genomics for identifying the biological functions linked to pulse stress resistance and adaptation to agroecological cropping systems

Legumes, and especially pulses, are an important source of protein for food and feed, and areappreciated for their positive impact on the “one health”. However, their unstable yields andtheir susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses highlight the need for varietal improvement inorder to increase the cultivated areas and productivity. With the advent of sequencingtechnologies, a large pool of genetic and -omic resources, heterogeneous at the inter- and intraspecies scale, is emerging. Thus, it is important to capitalize on these scattered heterogeneousdata to develop translational research and boost breeding projects and crop diversification.To meet this need, we undertook the developme…

A la découverte du génome pois

National audience

Genetic diversity of nodulated root structure in a very diverse pea collection

National audience; The root system is responsible for nitrogen (N) acquisition, which in legumes, combines mineral acquisition and symbiotic fixation in nodules. Despite these two complementary pathways, N nutrition may be a limiting factor of legumes yield because nodules are very sensitive to their local environment and N fixing legume root system is poorly developed which may limit soil exploration [1]. Pea establishes in root nodules a symbiotic association with Rhizobium leguminosarum sv viciae bacteria (Rlv) [2]. This study assessed the potential of naturally occurring genetic variability of nodulated root structure and functioning traits to improve yield pea performance. Two successi…

Identifications des gènes sous-jacents à un QTL de tolérance au gel chez le pois

Prod 2018-220o BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience

Pea in the genomic era

Pea in the genomic era. Séminaire IFR AIB (Agrobiosciences, Interactions & Biodiversité)

Identification of genes underlying frost tolerance within a pea QTL

Prod 2019-88dd BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience; Seeding legumes in autumn would allow increasing and regulating yield, but requires to improve the level of frost tolerance in varieties, which motivates the interest in deciphering the genetic determinism of this trait. In pea (Pisum sativum L.), this character is controlled by a few quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were identified by the analysis of RIL populations derived from contrasted genotypes, such as Champagne (Ch, tolerant) x Térèse (Té, sensitive), or by association analysis [1,2,3]. We study a QTL located on the pea linkage group 6 (WFD6.1), which accounts for a large part of frost tolerance variability, making it a choice tar…

Le génome du petit pois décrypté

scientifiques cités d'après une dépèche AFP; National audience; Le décryptage du génome du petit pois, réalisé pour la première fois par huit équipes de chercheurs pilotées par l'INRA, ouvre des perspectives très importantes pour la recherche, tant pour nourrir la planète que pour lutter contre le réchauffement climatique.Pisum sativum, une légumineuse plus connue sous le nom de petit pois, est une espèce fétiche pour les généticiens du monde entier, car c'est sur un pois que le père de la génétique moderne, le moine Gregor Mendel, s'était basé pour déterminer les premières lois de l'hérédité en 1866.Pour reconstituer la séquence de son génome, "il a fallu ordonner plusieurs milliards de co…

Analyse protéomique des graines de pois en embryogénèse et à maturité : Impact d’un stress hydrique combiné à une carence en soufre

International audience

L'interaction entre la nutrition soufrée et la réponse du pois au stress hydrique

International audience

Impact of double symbiosis (arbuscular mycorrhiza and nodulation) on nitrogen uptake in the Papilionoideae subfamily

The study of plant-microbe associations through nutrient exchanges has significantly improved our understanding of plant microbiome. Leguminous plants establish mutualistic associations with both rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses improve mineral plant nutrition and increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant-microbe associations provide key features for the current agricultural and environmental challenges.In Poaceae plant, inductions of specific ammonium transporters (AMT) genes and nitrogen/peptide transporters (NRF) genes have already been described during arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Similarly, in Papilionoideae, AMT and NR…

The faba bean pan-transcriptome

Faba bean (Vicia faba) is a widely adapted nitrogen fixing grain legume that produces seeds with high protein content. It is an agriculturally attractive crop with a good disease resistance profile, but targeted breeding is hampered by the lack of a reference genome and gene set. Here we develop a faba bean gene expression atlas and pan-transcriptome. The pan-transcriptome was generated using data from four different accessions (Hedin, Hiverna, 153b, 2378), including data from both aerial and root tissues. The quality and utility of the pan-transcriptome was assessed by mapping reads from accessions that had not contributed data to the pan-transcriptome. Here, the high mapping rates suggest…

Développement de ressources génomiques : analyses de diversité pois et féverole et pangénome pois

Le pois lors de stress hydriques répétés : mémoire d’éléphant ou de poisson rouge ?

International audience; Dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique où les épisodes de déficits hydriques deviennent de plus fréquents et surviennent àdifférents stades au cours du cycle, les légumineuses à graines telles que le pois voient leur rendement fortement impacté. Afin de limiter lesimpacts négatifs de stress répétés, les plantes peuvent mettre en place une « mémoire » du stress, qui induit une modification de leur réponseà des stress ultérieurs. Cette mémoire dépend de plusieurs paramètres qui vont moduler l’ampleur et la rapidité de la réponse à un secondstress. Le premier stress peut induire des modifications épigénétiques, physiologiques (e.g. fermeture des stomates) et m…

Etude du rôle de la nutrition soufrée dans la réponse du pois au stress hydrique par une approche protéomique : Focus sur les graines

International audience