Understanding Urban Fabric with the OH_FET model based on Social Use, Space and Time

The proposed principle for understanding the urban fabric is based on considering the town as a set of complex objects, taking a systemic approach. The town system used to study the urban fabric over large time spans is composed of three sub-systems relating to historical objects from the level of the excavation to that of the former urban space: function (social use), space (location, surface area and morphology) and time (dating, duration and chronology). The historical object is the analytical unit of the space studied. It is the Cartesian product of the three sets, Social use, Space and Time, from which it stems. On the basis of this process, the Historical Object (OH) is broken down in…

CArGOS, Catalogue des données géographiques pour les Sciences Humaines et Sociales

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Les anamorphoses linéaires : une nouvelle approche pour l'analyse des flux de circulation des objets métalliques à l'Age du Bronze

Afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique des flux de circulation des matériaux métalliques, il nous a semblé important d'aller au-delà des cartes de répartition classiques des découvertes archéologiques. Nous proposons donc d'utiliser un mode de représentation graphique plus quantitatif et synthétique, l'anamorphose linéaire, pour simuler ces flux de " circulation ". L'anamorphose est une transformation cartographique qui permet de révéler des tendances. Concrètement, il s'agit de dénombrer puis de représenter graphiquement la fréquence des découvertes faites de part et d'autre d'un axe fluvial et selon un " pas " choisi. Pour cela, nous développons sous le logiciel Arcview un outil qui permet…

CArGOS Un CAtalogue de données GéOgraphiques pour les Sciences humaines et Sociales

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Etudes des semis de points archéologiques par les méthodes d’analyses exploratoires des données spatiales (ESDA) : bilan, limites et perspectives

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Modélisation des objets historiques selon la fonction, l'espace et le temps pour l'étude des dynamiques urbaines dans la longue durée

The proposed principle for understanding the urban fabric is based on considering the town as a set of complex objects, taking a systemic approach. The town system used to study the urban fabric over large time spans is composed of three sub-systems relating to historical objects from the level of the excavation to that of the former urban space: function (social use), space (location, surface area and morphology) and time (dating, duration and chronology). The historical object is the analytical unit of the space studied. The purposed model allows urban changes to be observed. The originality of this procedure lies in its approach whereby it is possible to start not from the mapping of a p…

Confidence maps: a tool to evaluate archaeological data's relevance in spatial analysis

L'article est disponible en ligne sur Virtual Library Propylaeum : http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeumdok/volltexte/2010/551/pdf/08_05_ostir_et_al_confidence.pdf; International audience

Abstraire : formaliser et modéliser l'information archéologique

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L'évolution de l'occupation humaine : l'analyse spatiale exploratoire des données.Le problème de l'incertitude et de l'hétérogénéité des données en archéologie

The analysis of the evolution of the settlement requires a lot of methodological questioning. Despite a frequent use of the spatial analysis methods, few works return to their methodological problems. This article proposes to make a comparison and a discussion around two exploratory statistical methods (the K function of Ripley and the Kernel Density Estimation). It seems that scale, quality and quantity of input data, are three essential parameters to be taken into account so as to lead a spatial analysis in archaeology. In intrinsic way, archaeological data are non homogeneous. For that purpose, our article proposes a multi scalar approach integrating the non homogeneousness character of …

Social features, Spatial features, Time features: An urban archaeological data model

http://proceedings.caaconference.org/files/2007/64_Rodier_Saligny_CAA2007.pdf; International audience; The use of GIS to study the spatial evolution of pre-industrial cities over the "longue durée" requires rigorous formalisation of heterogeneous data from different sources into robust entities. An initial model using the HBDS (Hypergraph Based Data Structure) method enabled us to distinguish social and spatial features. In this paper, we develop a specific model for the temporal dimension. The definition of urban objects using social, spatial and temporal features enhances the study of urban dynamics and of change over the "longue durée".

Modéliser les objets historiques pour l'étude des dynamiques urbaines dans la longue durée. Le modèle OH_FET (objet historique, fonction, espace, temps)

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Approche archéo-sociologique. Réseaux d'échanges

Représenter les dynamiques urbaines de Tours antique et médiéval

ToToPI, for Topography of Tours Pre-Industrial, is a GIS for studying of the city of Tours (France) in large time span. The aim of this paper is to explain how GIS is used for historical data processing to understand time-space dynamics. The proposed principle for understanding the urban dynamic is based on considering the town as a set of complex objects, taking a systemic approach. The town system used to study the urban fabric over large time spans is composed of three sub-systems relating to historical objects from the level of the excavation to that of the former urban space: function (social use), space (location, surface area and morphology) and time (dating, duration and chronology)…

Acquérir, gérer et archiver les données

Chapitre portant sur la description des données géographiques : formats de données, géoréférencement, métadonnées, acquisition...