A systematic review of urinary bladder hypertrophy in experimental diabetes: Part 2. Comparison of animal models and functional consequences.

Aims To explore whether the bladder hypertrophy consistently seen in rats upon streptozotocin injection also occurs in other animal models of type 1 or 2 diabetes and how hypertrophy is linked to functional alterations of the urinary bladder. Methods A systematic search for the key word combination "diabetes," "bladder," and "hypertrophy" was performed in PubMed; additional references were identified from reference lists of those publications. All papers were systematically extracted for relevant information. Results Models other than streptozotocin-injected rats and female animals have been poorly studied. Most animal models of diabetes exhibit less bladder hypertrophy as compared to strep…