AphaMax®, an Aphanizomenon Flos-Aquae Aqueous Extract, Exerts Intestinal Protective Effects in Experimental Colitis in Rats

Background: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a unicellular cyanobacterium considered to be a &ldquo

PD123319, angiotensin II type II receptor antagonist, inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rat and ameliorates colonic contractility

Angiotensin II, the main effector of renin angiotensin system, plays an important role in the inflammatory process and most of its effects are mediated through the AT1 receptor activation. However, the knowledge about the AT2 receptor involvement in this process is still evolving. We previously found that in an experimental model of colitis, AT2 receptor activation can contribute to the impairment of the muscle contractility in vitro in the course of inflammation. Here, we investigated the potential alleviating effects of the in vivo treatment of PD123319 (1-[[4-(Dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl]methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ditriflu…

Preventive effects of guanosine on intestinal inflammation in 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats

Background: Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signaling molecule exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in several in vivo and in vitro injury models. We aimed to investigate its protective effects on 2, 4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rat. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups and colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of DNBS (15 mg/rat). Guanosine (4 or 8 mg/kg) was administered for 6 days i.p. starting the day of the colitis induction. Body weight loss, stool consistency, colon weight/length, histological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. Immunoblotting …

Opposite effects of dopamine on the mechanical activity of circular and longitudinal muscle of human colon.

Background Because dopamine (DA) has gained increasing evidence as modulator of gut motility, we aimed to characterize dopaminergic response in human colon, evaluating function and distribution of dopamine receptors in circular vs longitudinal muscle strips. Methods Mechanical responses to DA and dopaminergic agonists on slow phasic contractions and on basal tone were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. RT-PCR was used to reveal the distribution of dopaminergic receptors. Key results In spontaneous active circular muscle, DA induced an increase in the amplitude of slow phasic contractions and of the basal tone, via activation of D1-like receptors. DA contractile responses wer…

P100 Guanosine prevents nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation ameliorating experimental colitis in rats

Guanosine prevents nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation ameliorating experimental colitis in rats

Background inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are prevalent and debilitating health problems worldwide. Due to the adverse effects of classical treatment for IBD, therapeutic options and approaches for these diseases continue to evolve. Guanosine, a guanine-based purine, is an extracellular signalling molecule that seems to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in several in vivo and in vitro injury models. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether exogenous guanosine may have protective effects on 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced Colitis in rat. Methods Experimental Colitis was induced by …