0000000001311749
AUTHOR
Nicolas Bastardoz
On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Entities such as individuals, teams, or organizations can vary systematically from one another. Researchers typically model such data using multilevel models, assuming that the random effects are uncorrelated with the regressors. Violating this testable assumption, which is often ignored, creates an endogeneity problem thus preventing causal interpretations. Focusing on two-level models, we explain how researchers can avoid this problem by including cluster means of the Level 1 explanatory variables as controls; we explain this point conceptually and with a large-scale simulation. We further show why the common practice of centering the predictor variables is mostly unnecessary. Moreover, …
Supplemental Material, Coloring_and_code_issues_appen - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, Coloring_and_code_issues_appen for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, Coding_book - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, Coding_book for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, sj-rar-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, sj-rar-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, Coded_data_in_Excel_compressed_to_put_on_line - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, Coded_data_in_Excel_compressed_to_put_on_line for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, sj-dta-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, sj-dta-1-orm-10.1177_1094428119877457 for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods
Supplemental Material, Coded_data_in_Stata_to_put_on_line - On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
Supplemental Material, Coded_data_in_Stata_to_put_on_line for On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations by John Antonakis, Nicolas Bastardoz and Mikko Rönkkö in Organizational Research Methods