6533b7d0fe1ef96bd125a196

RESEARCH PRODUCT

Genetic Diversity, Population Size, and Fitness in Central and Peripheral Populations of a Rare Plant Lychnis viscaria

Kaisa MustajärviAntti LammiPirkko Siikamäki

subject

Genetic diversityEcologyEnvironmental factorPopulation geneticsForestryBiologybiology.organism_classificationmedicine.disease_causeLychnisGenetic driftGenetic structureGenetic variationmedicineInbreedingEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsNature and Landscape Conservation

description

: Genetic diversity is expected to decrease in small and isolated populations as a consequence of bottlenecks, founder effects, inbreeding, and genetic drift. The genetics and ecology of the rare perennial plant Lychnis viscaria (Caryophyllaceae) were studied in both peripheral and central populations within its distribution area. We aimed to investigate the overall level of genetic diversity, its spatial distribution, and possible differences between peripheral and central populations by examining several populations with electrophoresis. Our results showed that the level of genetic diversity varied substantially among populations (  Hexp = 0.000–0.116) and that the total level of genetic diversity (mean Hexp = 0.056) was low compared to that of other species with similar life-history attributes. The peripheral populations of L. viscaria had less genetic variation (mean Hexp = 0.034) than the central ones (0.114). Analysis of genetic structure suggested limited gene flow (mean FST = 0.430) and high differentiation among populations, emphasizing the role of genetic drift (  Nem = 0.33). Isolation was even higher than expected based on the physical distance among populations. We also focused on the association between population size and genetic diversity and possible effects on fitness of these factors. Population size was positively correlated with genetic diversity. Population size and genetic diversity, however, were not associated with fitness components such as germination rate, seedling mass, or seed yield. There were no differences in the measured fitness components between peripheral and central populations. Even though small and peripheral populations had lower levels of genetic variation, they were as viable as larger populations, which emphasizes their potential value for conservation. Resumen: Se espera que la diversidad genetica disminuya en poblaciones pequenas y aisladas como consecuencia de cuellos de botella, efecto fundador, intracruza y deriva genica. La genetica y ecologia de la planta perenne rara Lychnis viscaria (Caryophyllaceae) fueron estudiadas tanto en poblaciones perifericas como centrales dentro de su area de distribucion. Investigamos el nivel total de diversidad genetica, su distribucion espacial y posibles diferencias entre poblaciones. Nuestros resultados muestran que el nivel de diversidad genetica varia sustancialmente entre poblaciones (  Hexp = 0.000–0.116) y que el nivel de diversidad genetica total (media Hexp = 0.056) fue bajo comparado con otras especies con atributos en la historia de vida similares. Las poblaciones perifericas de L. viscaria tienen una variacion genetica menor (media Hexp = 0.034) que las centrales (0.114). El analisis de la estructura genetica sugiere un flujo genetico limitado (media FST = 0.430) y alta diferenciacion entre poblaciones, haciendo enfasis en el papel de la deriva Genica (  Nem = 0.33). El aislamiento fue aun mayor que el esperado en base a la distancia fisica entre poblaciones. Adicionalmente, nos enfocamos en la asociacion entre tamano poblacional y diversidad genetica y los posibles efectos de estos factores sobre la condicion de las poblaciones. El tamano poblacional estuvo positivamente correlacionado con la diversidad genetica. Sin embargo, el tamano poblacional y la diversidad genetica no estuvieron asociados con componentes de la condicion, tales como la tasa de germinacion, la masa de germinados, o la produccion de semillas. No existieron diferencias en los componentes de la condicion entre poblaciones perifericas y centrales. A pesar de que las poblaciones pequenas y perifericas tuvieron un nivel de variacion genetica bajo, estas fueron tan viables como las poblaciones grandes, lo cual enfatiza su potencial valor para la conservacion.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98278.x