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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Evaluation of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with grapevine

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), provides many ecosystem services such as improved soil structure, increased plant growth and nutrition, and improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intensive agricultural practices and the use of phytosanitary products as for example herbicide and fungicides, have a strong impact on communities of soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as on biological mechanisms within the ecosystem. This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovine project supported by the European Commission through the CORE Organic Cofund. The aim of this research work was to determine the influence of plant diversity, within a cover, on the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with grapevine, but also on the biological functioning of the soil (microbial enzymatic activities). Our research also led us to study the effect of the genetic variability of grapevine in the structuring of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities. On this point, an effect of rootstock and grape variety on the composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community was shown. However, this did not modify the Shannon diversity indices. The influence of grapevine age on the organisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities was also studied. In a Champagne vineyard, we were able to show a significant change in the composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities between a recently planted vineyard and old grapevines, suggesting a role for grapevine vigour, carbon allocation on the recruitment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities.