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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Persistance and adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes in the soil : role of the communication system Agr

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Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium responsible for listeriosis, a food-borne disease. This pathogen has been isolated from various environments of which the telluric environment. The presence of L. monocytogenes in soil can increase health hazards due to the risk of transfer to vegetables, animals and animal products and water. Considering the role of soil in the circulation of pathogens from farm environment to plant and animal products and eventually to foodstuff, it is critical to identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that drive the fate of L. monocytogenes in soil. Genome-wide and transcriptomic analyses found that an important part of the genome of L. monocytogenes (7.3%) is dedicated to regulation including 209 transcriptional regulators. Among these, AgrA is the response regulator of the two component system AgrC/AgrA which is part of the Agr communication system. We investigated the role of AgrA for L. monocytogenes adaptation to soil. A ∆agrA mutant displayed significantly reduced survival in soil microcosms. Additionally, microarray analyses identified 386 genes and a large repertoire of ncRNA as differentially transcribed between the mutant and the parental strain. The results presented here suggest that AgrA may be critical for the adaptation of L. monocytogenes by regulating an important network of genes and ncRNAs.Moreover, co-inoculation of mutants of the Agr system with the parental strain showed that inactivation of the regulator AgrA resulted in a decrease of the fitness of the strain, confirming that AgrA is necessary for optimal L. monocytogenes adaptation. On the other hand, when co-cultured with the parental strain, the fitness of the ∆agrD mutant was not affected, indicating that the mutant ∆agrD took advantage of the parental strain.Soil biology is a major extrinsic factor that conditions the fate of L. monocytogenes populations in soil. Inactivation of microbial communities lifted growth inhibition. Experimental erosion of soil microbial diversity showed that highly diverse soil microbial communities act as a biological barrier against L. monocytogenes invasion and that phylogenetic composition of the community also has to be considered. These results suggest that erosion of diversity may have damaging effects regarding circulation of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment.