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RESEARCH PRODUCT
Molecular Strategies for Targeting Antioxidants to Mitochondria: Therapeutic Implications
Victor M. VictorNadezda Apostolovasubject
AntioxidantPhysiologyPlant AlkaloidsCellsAntioxidant propertiesmedicine.medical_treatmentClinical BiochemistryApoptosisContext (language use)Oxidative phosphorylationBiologyMitochondrionBiochemistryCellular redox/oxidative balanceAntioxidantsComprehensive Invited ReviewAutophagymedicineAnimalsHumansRedox activeMolecular BiologyGeneral Environmental ScienceHuman pathologiesAutophagyRedox active moleculesCell BiologyMitochondriaCell biologyBiochemistryGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesMitochondrial functionTesting of moleculesOxidation-ReductionFunction (biology)description
Mitochondrial function and specifically its implication in cellular redox/oxidative balance is fundamental in controlling the life and death of cells, and has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies. In this context, mitochondrial therapeutics, particularly those involving mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, have attracted increasing interest as potentially effective therapies for several human diseases. For the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the development and functional testing of molecules that specifically target mitochondria, and there has been special focus on compounds with antioxidant properties. In this review, we will discuss several such strategies, including molecules conjugated with lipophilic cations (e.g.,triphenylphosphonium) or rhodamine, conjugates of plant alkaloids, amino-acid- and peptide-based compounds, and liposomes. This area has several major challenges that need to be confronted. Apart from antioxidants and other redox active molecules, current research aims at developing compounds that arecapable of modulating other mitochondria-controlled processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Multiple chemically different molecular strategies have been developed as delivery tools that offer broad opportunities for mitochondrial manipulation. Additional studies, and particularly in vivo approaches under physiologically relevant conditions, are necessary to confirm the clinical usefulness of these molecules. This study was financed by grants PI13/1025, PI11/00327, CIBER CB06/04/0071, PROMETEOII/2014/035, and GV/2014/118 and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). V.M.V. is recipient of a contract from the Ministry of Health of the Valencian Regional Government (CES10/030).
year | journal | country | edition | language |
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2015-03-10 | Antioxidants & Redox Signaling |